Home | Contact Us | FAQ | Search & Site Map | Link to Us
Sign In | Join | Other 45 Sites in Network
Home
Discussion Groups
General
ModelsRailroadsRockets
Radio Controlled
Air ModelsHelicoptersLand ModelsWater Models
ModelGeeks.com
Contact UsLink To UsSearch & Site Map

Model Forum / General / Railroads / May 2004



Tip: Looking for answers? Try searching our database.

Slip Switch Track

Thread view: 
Enable EMail Alerts  Start New Thread
Thread rating: 
EDUPSHAW - 29 Apr 2004 15:47 GMT
What is the difference between "Double Slip" and "Single Slip" tracks?  How do
they work?  How are they used on real railroads and how do people use them on
model railroads?

Thank you for your help,

laser633
Anna Maria Island,
a quaint litle drinking village
with a fishing problem.
Bill McCutcheon - 29 Apr 2004 16:26 GMT
> What is the difference between "Double Slip" and "Single Slip" tracks?  How do
> they work?  How are they used on real railroads and how do people use them on
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> laser633

Imagine an X-shaped crossing.  Label the four branches A to D,
clockwise from NW to SW.

Through routing is A-C and B-D.  A single slip will also accommodate
one additional movement, say A-D.  A double slip will accommodate both
A-D and B-C.

So, a single slip is equivalent to a crossing and two turnouts; a
double slip is equivalent to a crossing and four turnouts.

This is kind of tough to do non-graphically, kind of like describing a
spiral staircase without using your hands.  :-)

-- Bill McC.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 29 Apr 2004 16:51 GMT
Slip switches are overlapping combinations of a crossing (a 'diamond')
and a set of switches ('turnouts'). They are complicated and troublesome
on both real railroads and models. They do save space, however, and are
used in confined quarters where absolutely necessary. In prototype
railroads, one common application is the lead-in trackage ('throats') to
large passenger terminal yards. Being deeply imbeded in large cities
almost by definition, space is at a premium in these yards. Vast arrays
of slip (and other) switches are combined in VERY complex trackwork.

A 'double' slip switch can be though of as a 'routing' crossing. Choose
any ONE of the four tracks to enter the switch, and you can choose to
leave by either of the two OPPOSITE tracks (straight through, or
branching). This is true no matter which of the four possible entrance
tracks you begin from. Such a switch is very similar to a double
crossover in function, with one crossing and four switches, but takes up
only about 20% as much space.

A 'single' slip switch can be though of as a 'routing' crossing with
fewer possibilities. On each side, ONLY one of possible 'entrance'
tracks allow you to choose an alternate exit track (straight through, or
branching). The remaining entrance track allows you only to pass
straight through. It is equivalent to one crossing and two switches, but
again takes up less space.

A similar arrangement is the so called 'three way' switch. It's NOT
really one switch that allows you to take any one of three diverging
routes as it appears (only a 'stub' switch can do that). Such a switch
is really TWO overlapping switches. Together they allow the choice of
any one of three routes.

"Slip' and 'Three way' switches are both examples of 'lap' switches.
These are so arranged that the various components of one switch overlap
those of adjoining switches saving space.

Model railroaders like these switches because they LOOK 'neat', and
because they save space. They do require an unusual amount of
maintenance to keep working well, and may cause problems with some
equipment. Prototype railroads avoid them like the plague, but still are
forced to use them in confined areas.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> What is the difference between "Double Slip" and "Single Slip" tracks?  How do
> they work?  How are they used on real railroads and how do people use them on
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> a quaint litle drinking village
> with a fishing problem.
Paul Newhouse - 29 Apr 2004 17:52 GMT
> Slip switches are overlapping combinations of a crossing (a 'diamond')
> and a set of switches ('turnouts'). They are complicated and troublesome
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> crossover in function, with one crossing and four switches, but takes up
> only about 20% as much space.

 "http://www.ida.net/users/tetonsl/railroad/dblslip.htm"

He also has some verbage on why most RTR double slips and double crossovers
don't work very well.

Paul

> A 'single' slip switch can be though of as a 'routing' crossing with
> fewer possibilities. On each side, ONLY one of possible 'entrance'
[quoted text clipped - 32 lines]
>> a quaint litle drinking village
>> with a fishing problem.

Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

EDUPSHAW - 29 Apr 2004 23:56 GMT
Thanks for your replies.

They help me decide about using one on my layout.  I had planned to throw one
in at a junction on a portion of my layout that looks kind of like the top of
the Atlas N-16, "Atlantic Longhaul Lines" trackplan.

Thanks also for the link to the Teton Short Line site.  It has been a while
since I last visited Wayne's website.

Ed Upshaw

Anna Maria Island,
a quaint drinking village
with a fishing problem.
Jeff Sc. - 30 Apr 2004 02:20 GMT
>Anna Maria Island,
>a quaint drinking village
>with a fishing problem.

I was never much of a fisherman, but I remember the Stumble
Inn...vaguely...

Jeff Sc.
Native, Ga.

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Keith Norgrove - 29 Apr 2004 23:08 GMT
>A 'double' slip switch can be though of as a 'routing' crossing. Choose
>any ONE of the four tracks to enter the switch, and you can choose to
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>crossover in function, with one crossing and four switches, but takes up
>only about 20% as much space.

The above is, in my view, misleading. A double slip does not have the
functionality of a double crossover at all. The essential feature of a
double crossover is that it allows trains to cross from one main track
to another, in either direction, and most importantly it allows for
two simultaneous parallel moves on those two main tracks.

A double slip allows for only one movement at a time and is
functionally identical to two turnouts connected toe to toe. So
identical that the wiring is the same. The lap analogy is correct just
visualise those two turnouts pushed together so that they overlap,

A double slip is not equivalent to 4 turnouts and a crossing, its just
equivalent to 2 turnouts, and is wired and operated as such.
Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
John Miller - 29 Apr 2004 23:21 GMT
> The above is, in my view, misleading. A double slip does not have the
> functionality of a double crossover at all.
<snip>
> A double slip is not equivalent to 4 turnouts and a crossing, its just
> equivalent to 2 turnouts, and is wired and operated as such.

Before this erupts into a blaze, may I suggest that this sounds like a
terminology problem, and that y'all may be talking about the same thing
differently.  

For my part, I was taught that a double slip is *four* turnouts and a
crossover, integrated, and topologically and functionally the same as what
you call a double crossover.  

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

According to my best recollection, I don't remember.
               -Vincent "Jimmy Blue Eyes" Alo

Keith Norgrove - 30 Apr 2004 08:33 GMT
>> The above is, in my view, misleading. A double slip does not have the
>> functionality of a double crossover at all.
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>crossover, integrated, and topologically and functionally the same as what
>you call a double crossover.  

Then you were taught wrong, terminology is not the problem, the
functions and topology are very different in the two cases.
Particularly that a double crossover allows for two through routes
with simultaneous moves, a double slip does not. The double slip is
two turnouts squashed together.
Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
John Miller - 30 Apr 2004 12:50 GMT
> Then you were taught wrong, terminology is not the problem, the
> functions and topology are very different in the two cases.
> Particularly that a double crossover allows for two through routes
> with simultaneous moves, a double slip does not. The double slip is
> two turnouts squashed together.

Yes, definite terminology brane faht on this end.  The thing I was missing
in trying to visualize your description of the double slip was "frog to
frog."  A picture really is worth a thousand words.  

In trying to find the simplest way to make the verbal distinction, how
about, "the double slip necks down to a single track, while the double
crossover has continuous parallel tracks."  
Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

Murphy's Laws:
       (1) If anything can go wrong, it will.
       (2) Nothing is as easy as it looks.
       (3) Everything takes longer than you think it will.

Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 15:40 GMT
At NO location in a double slip switch does it neck down to a single
track. It's more like a gantlet track, with overlapping but separate tracks.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> > Then you were taught wrong, terminology is not the problem, the
> > functions and topology are very different in the two cases.
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
>         (2) Nothing is as easy as it looks.
>         (3) Everything takes longer than you think it will.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 17:06 GMT
>At NO location in a double slip switch does it neck down to a single
>track. It's more like a gantlet track, with overlapping but separate tracks.

When you select the through route it is as single track with lapped turnouts.  The
diverging routes are like gantlet tracks.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 20:15 GMT
'OK', I'll buy THAT description ... but it probably already has some confused.

Dan Mitchell
==========

Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >At NO location in a double slip switch does it neck down to a single
> >track. It's more like a gantlet track, with overlapping but separate tracks.
>
> When you select the through route it is as single track with lapped turnouts.  The
> diverging routes are like gantlet tracks.
Keith Norgrove - 30 Apr 2004 19:08 GMT
>At NO location in a double slip switch does it neck down to a single
>track. It's more like a gantlet track, with overlapping but separate tracks.

True but a gantlet track is logically a single track, only one train
at a time can use it.
Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 19:37 GMT
>>At NO location in a double slip switch does it neck down to a single
>>track. It's more like a gantlet track, with overlapping but separate tracks.
>>
>True but a gantlet track is logically a single track, only one train
>at a time can use it.

Your message implies that a double slip switch is not restricted by the limitation
that only one train at a time can use it as is a gantlet track.  Is that what you
mean to say?  I should hope not.  Never the less, the wording clearly implies that.
A double slip turnout, when set to the diverging route is, in fact, very much the
same as a gantlet tack. The difference being that the distance is much shorter and
the points must be re-set to use the other diverging route.  In a double slip
turnout, one -and only one- route may be set at any instant in time.
Perhaps this is what you meant?
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 04:06 GMT
> > Then you were taught wrong, terminology is not the problem, the
> > functions and topology are very different in the two cases.
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> about, "the double slip necks down to a single track, while the double
> crossover has continuous parallel tracks."

No - the double slip necks down to two closely spaced parallel tracks plus a
crossing - four tracks all impinging on a common loading gauge.
The double slip can be sub-divided into two distinct families, those where the
two curved tracks interlace, and those where the two curved tracks pass
without touching.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Bob May - 30 Apr 2004 18:19 GMT
Keith, the double slip is indeed 4 turnouts and a crossing all wound up into
a small piece of trackage.  There are a set of points for each of the
incoming tracks which indeed means 4 turnouts.  Topologically, the double
slip and the X crossing are the same basic thing but they are indeed doing
somewhat different chores with the intent of the double slip to provide a
crossing as the normal and the X crossing the not crossing as normal.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Keith Norgrove - 30 Apr 2004 19:21 GMT
>Keith, the double slip is indeed 4 turnouts and a crossing all wound up into
>a small piece of trackage.  There are a set of points for each of the
>incoming tracks which indeed means 4 turnouts.  Topologically, the double
>slip and the X crossing are the same basic thing but they are indeed doing
>somewhat different chores with the intent of the double slip to provide a
>crossing as the normal and the X crossing the not crossing as normal.

Bob,
I thought I explained the difference fairly clearly, and tried to
avoid causing confusion by using english English instead of american
English.

Topology is probably a bad word to use as maybe none of us looked it
up in the dictionary and so maybe are using it differently! (We'd
probably have to agree on which dictionary to use anyway). Function is
better.
The double slip functions as two turnouts toe to toe, (not frog to
frog). A train coming from either of two tracks can leave on either of
two tracks. It differs from two turnouts in that it uses less space
and two achieve this with acceptable radii you have two add two obtuse
crossings (elbows?) and an extra four switch blades. Note that there
are still two sets of switch blades, just that each set consists of 4
blades working together not the usual two.
The double crossover (Scissors crossover in England) has the same
function as the double slip and also the fundamental and most
important function of allowing two trains to pass simultaneously on
the parallel tracks.
Keith

Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 20:20 GMT
I agree it FUNCTIONS as you state, but that's NOT how it's built! The
two parallel 'through' routes use DIFFERENT sets of rails. Except when
using it as a pure crossing (one route) the rails used are not the same.
That's why it's topologically different.

Now we're into topology. Whee! That's where a donut and a coffee cup
have the SAME shape, but different functions.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> >Keith, the double slip is indeed 4 turnouts and a crossing all wound up into
> >a small piece of trackage.  There are a set of points for each of the
[quoted text clipped - 28 lines]
> Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
> Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Mark Newton - 30 Apr 2004 20:45 GMT
> Now we're into topology. Whee! That's where a donut and a coffee cup
> have the SAME shape, but different functions.

"Pass me that bottle, Klein!"
Christopher A. Lee - 30 Apr 2004 20:52 GMT
> > Now we're into topology. Whee! That's where a donut and a coffee cup
> > have the SAME shape, but different functions.
>
>"Pass me that bottle, Klein!"

Q: Why did the chicken cross the moebius strip?

A: To get to the other.... er.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 21:23 GMT
Klein bottle for sale ... inquire within!

Then there's the mobius strip.

The funniest story I've heard about those has to do with the big old
steam engines that used to power shops of all types, with long ceiling
mounted lineshafts running all over the place. Usually the engine was in
a separate room, or even a separate building, with a great long FLAT
leather belt connecting the engine's flywheel to the main lineshaft. The
belt might be from one to two FEET wide. Sometimes these shafts would be
50 feet or more apart, and you could NOT see both ends at once.

Sometimes such belts were assembled with a half twist in one side to
even out wear and reduce tracking problems. Thus they were effectively a
mobius strip. Farm traction engines also often use this method when
driving threshing machines and such.

A favorite trick, as the story goes, was to assign some greenhorn
employee the task of painting the OUTSIDE of the belt bright yellow to
make it more visible for safety reasons. The worker was also instructed
NOT to get any paint on the INSIDE of the belt, or the paint would make
the belt slip on the pulleys. Then the joker's would go away and wait
for the fun to begin.

IF the story has any truth, I don't suppose management was real thrilled
with the gunked-up belt! These could not have been cheap.

A more plausible version would have the employee applying belt dressing
to the inside of the belt, with instructions not to get it on the OUTSIDE.

Either way, it's funny to think about the poor fellow's misfortune.

Dan Mitchell
==========

>  > Now we're into topology. Whee! That's where a donut and a coffee cup
>  > have the SAME shape, but different functions.
>
> "Pass me that bottle, Klein!"
Christopher A. Lee - 30 Apr 2004 22:03 GMT
>Klein bottle for sale ... inquire within!

Clifford Stoll makes and sells Klein bottles on his web site:

http://www.kleinbottle.com/

If  you remember some time back, he was the Berkley astronomer who got
transferred to the  university's computer department and given a
project to discover why two computer charging programs gave different
results - and found hackers whose time was accounted for on one but
not the other. And tracked them electronicly to Berlin where they were
working for the Soviets,  in one direction and to various military
sites in the other via Berkley as a gateway.

It was a brilliant piece of work from somebody who wasn't very
computer literate at the time.

The case was famous at the time. He wrote a very readable book about
it - The Cuckoo's Egg.
John Miller - 30 Apr 2004 23:40 GMT
> A favorite trick, as the story goes, was to assign some greenhorn
> employee the task of painting the OUTSIDE of the belt bright yellow to
> make it more visible for safety reasons. The worker was also instructed
> NOT to get any paint on the INSIDE of the belt, or the paint would make
> the belt slip on the pulleys. Then the joker's would go away and wait
> for the fun to begin.
<snip>
> Either way, it's funny to think about the poor fellow's misfortune.

In the Navy, we used to use three-ply carbon sets which came on long rolls
(paper, carbon paper, paper, carbon paper, paper).  The "newbie" trick was
to unwrap one turn of the top layer of paper, trim it off even with the
others, then hand it to the new guy and say, "The factory must have messed
up.  Get these layers back in the right order."  It was a rare rookie who
didn't start by unrolling the entire thing down the passageway.  

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

Living in New York City gives people real incentives to want things that
nobody else wants.
               -- Andy Warhol

Christopher A. Lee - 30 Apr 2004 23:42 GMT
>> A favorite trick, as the story goes, was to assign some greenhorn
>> employee the task of painting the OUTSIDE of the belt bright yellow to
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>up.  Get these layers back in the right order."  It was a rare rookie who
>didn't start by unrolling the entire thing down the passageway.  

Anybody who has seen 2-ply bog roll paper would know that one.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 06:46 GMT
>>> A favorite trick, as the story goes, was to assign some greenhorn
>>> employee the task of painting the OUTSIDE of the belt bright yellow to
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
>
>Anybody who has seen 2-ply bog roll paper would know that one.

Nope.  You'd be astonished and amazed at how well and how often it works.  I would
guess better than 90% effective.
Brian Paul Ehni - 01 May 2004 14:41 GMT
On 5/1/04 12:46 AM, in article 4093396f.61940094@news.west.earthlink.net,

>>>> A favorite trick, as the story goes, was to assign some greenhorn
>>>> employee the task of painting the OUTSIDE of the belt bright yellow to
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
> would
> guess better than 90% effective.

As a 1st LT in an infantry unit, we used to regularly run NUGs (New Useless
Guys) around looking for: cans of squelch; left handed monkey wrenches;
skyhooks (a classic); left hand vibration dampers (for M113 cupolas), and
more.

Had my driver going all day between me, the PSG, and the motor pool one day
during an exercise in Florida.
Signature

Brian Ehni

Paul Newhouse - 01 May 2004 14:56 GMT
> As a 1st LT in an infantry unit, we used to regularly run NUGs (New Useless
> Guys) around looking for: cans of squelch; left handed monkey wrenches;
> skyhooks (a classic); left hand vibration dampers (for M113 cupolas), and
> more.

You didn't have them get an aerosol can of slack?

Paul
Brian Paul Ehni - 01 May 2004 15:25 GMT
On 5/1/04 8:56 AM, in article W%Nkc.7835$Ik.658346@attbi_s53, "Paul
Newhouse" <rockhead.com@pimin.rockhead.com> wrote:

>> As a 1st LT in an infantry unit, we used to regularly run NUGs (New Useless
>> Guys) around looking for: cans of squelch; left handed monkey wrenches;
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
> Paul

No, just prop wash.
Signature

Brian Ehni

Bob May - 01 May 2004 23:48 GMT
You'd think so but most people have a real problem associating problems into
the groups that they are.  Most people automatically assume that the problem
that they are faced with is an original problem and try to do a
straightforward fix of the problem and that is where you get the rolling of
the paper down the hallway instead of looking at the end and seeing that one
form has the top part removed.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Jim Stewart - 02 May 2004 02:58 GMT
> You'd think so but most people have a real problem associating problems into
> the groups that they are.  Most people automatically assume that the problem
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
> Works  every time it is tried!

It is only common sense. Which is extremely rare...

Jim Stewart
Keith Norgrove - 02 May 2004 12:54 GMT
>You'd think so but most people have a real problem associating problems into
>the groups that they are.  Most people automatically assume that the problem
>that they are faced with is an original problem and try to do a
>straightforward fix of the problem and that is where you get the rolling of
>the paper down the hallway instead of looking at the end and seeing that one
>form has the top part removed.

Right, same problem they have with seeing what a 'double slip' is the
logical equivalent of. Hung up on a 'set of switches' having two
blades so unable to see that a 'set of switches' can have 4 blades.
<g>

Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Howard R Garner - 01 May 2004 00:51 GMT
> Then there's the mobius strip.
>
> Sometimes such belts were assembled with a half twist in one side to
> even out wear and reduce tracking problems. Thus they were effectively a
> mobius strip. Farm traction engines also often use this method when
> driving threshing machines and such.

Never saw a mobis strip type belt on a farm tractor.
Most of the time they did put a twist in a standard belt.

Howard (ex-farmer) Garner
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 21:13 GMT
>I agree it FUNCTIONS as you state, but that's NOT how it's built! The
>two parallel 'through' routes use DIFFERENT sets of rails. Except when
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>Now we're into topology. Whee! That's where a donut and a coffee cup
>have the SAME shape, but different functions.

Oh, I thought a donut was a torus while a coffee cup was a cylinder.
Donuts fit inside coffee cups, right?
But you aren't supposed to eat the cup.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 21:29 GMT
Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them. Coffee cups and donuts
DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.

Dan Mitchell
==========

Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >I agree it FUNCTIONS as you state, but that's NOT how it's built! The
> >two parallel 'through' routes use DIFFERENT sets of rails. Except when
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> Donuts fit inside coffee cups, right?
> But you aren't supposed to eat the cup.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 22:55 GMT
>Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them. Coffee cups and donuts
>DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.
>
>Dan Mitchell
>==========

I'll have to think about that one.  At first rush I want to disagree with you and say
that a torus does not have a closed end, while a coffee cup most demonstrably does.
However, I will look into it and reply definatively later.

Just think of the possibilities. A donut that can serve as its own coffee cup.
The potential for making a fortune boggles the mind.
Jeff Sc. - 01 May 2004 21:41 GMT
>>Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them. Coffee cups and donuts
>>DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>that a torus does not have a closed end, while a coffee cup most demonstrably does.
>However, I will look into it and reply definatively later.

Nope, he's right.  Actually, a cylinder is a torus is a donut.  If you
took an infinitely elastic donut and pinched and squeezed it, you
could shape it into a coffee cup without adding or subtracting holes.
You could also mold that same donut into a cylinder...

>Just think of the possibilities. A donut that can serve as its own coffee cup.
>The potential for making a fortune boggles the mind.

But into what would you dunk the donut?

Jeff Sc.
Flatland, Ga.

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 21:51 GMT
>>>Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them. Coffee cups and donuts
>>>DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>Jeff Sc.
>Flatland, Ga.

See my remarks about a sponge/torus for coffee drinking.

It would take some thinking and working out of the fine details, but I think you
would eat the cup as you drank the coffee out of it.  You'd have to work quick,
before the donut got saturated and started falling apart.  Like I said, there are
some details that need to be worked out.  I'm just the idea man here.

OK, this would be a distinct disadvantage at the Waffle House because you could not
refill what you had eaten, but if you were the vendor, it would be great. You would
sell the cups and give the coffee away.
Really you wouldn't, you'd roll the coffee cost into the cup, but most customers
would never catch on.  Look at how many people are fooled into thinking that $69.99
is a whole lot less expensive than $70.00

Maybe the donut/cup could have an edible glaze on the outside that would hold it
together when it was filled with coffee.  A food specialist would know about that,
not an idea man.
Jim Stewart - 02 May 2004 02:54 GMT
> >>>Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them. Coffee cups and donuts
> >>>DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
> before the donut got saturated and started falling apart.  Like I said, there are
> some details that need to be worked out.  I'm just the idea man here.

I don't know why you think it would get saturated. It sat under the heat
lamp for 3 weeks or
so already.... Designed correctly, It can sop up one cupful of coffee while
you convert the
cup into a second donut...

Jim Stewart
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 03:53 GMT
> Cylinders don't have single HOLES through them.

That would be a tube, so long as the hole is of smaller diameter than the cylinder.

> Coffee cups and donuts
> DO. Both are in the shape of a torus, but the coffee cup is greatly deformed.

Any shape could be described as a greatly deformed torus. (?)

> Dan Mitchell
> ==========
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> > Donuts fit inside coffee cups, right?
> > But you aren't supposed to eat the cup.
Paul Newhouse - 30 Apr 2004 21:58 GMT
>>I agree it FUNCTIONS as you state, but that's NOT how it's built! The
>>two parallel 'through' routes use DIFFERENT sets of rails. Except when
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> Oh, I thought a donut was a torus while a coffee cup was a cylinder.

Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?

> Donuts fit inside coffee cups, right?

Sometimes, a small coffee cup might fit inside a large donut.
(If you can figure out whic ise is in :).

> But you aren't supposed to eat the cup.

Normally not recomended.  

The donut doesn't have a floor ... or a ceiling depending on how you
are holding the coffee cup.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Steve Caple - 01 May 2004 02:48 GMT
> Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?

Hunh.  Here I thought it was an exceptionally uuuuuugleeee
1996 station wagon.

Signature

Steve Caple

Jim Stewart - 01 May 2004 02:52 GMT
> > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
>
> Hunh.  Here I thought it was an exceptionally uuuuuugleeee
> 1996 station wagon.

Isn't an English telephone booth?

Jim Stewart
Steve Caple - 01 May 2004 08:53 GMT
> > > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
> >
> > Hunh.  Here I thought it was an exceptionally uuuuuugleeee
> > 1996 station wagon.
>
> Isn't an English telephone booth?

Hunh?  Who?

Signature

Steve Caple

David B. Redmond - 01 May 2004 14:14 GMT
>> > > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
>> >
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
>Hunh?  Who?

That would be a Tardis.
Steve Caple - 01 May 2004 17:55 GMT
> >> Isn't an English telephone booth?
> >
> >Hunh?  Who?
>
> That would be a Tardis.

Hey  -  I rode a bus in from the country, and I was never late
for class.

Signature

Steve Caple

David B. Redmond - 01 May 2004 18:02 GMT
>> >> Isn't an English telephone booth?
>> >
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>Hey  -  I rode a bus in from the country, and I was never late
>for class.

Hello, I'm the Doctor.   Doctor who?   Yes, that's right.
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 21:53 GMT
> >> > > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
> >> >
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>
> That would be a Tardis.

The Tardis was stuck, outwardly, in British Police box mode.
David B. Redmond - 01 May 2004 21:58 GMT
>> > > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
>> >
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
>Hunh?  Who?

Yes, exactly, the Dr., of course.
Jim Stewart - 02 May 2004 02:39 GMT
> > > > Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
> > >
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
> Hunh?  Who?

For several years, I had an Internist names Hu
He couldn't figure why I giggled when I asked for him...

Jim Stewart
Roy Wilke - 04 May 2004 15:59 GMT
>>>>>Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>
> Jim Stewart

Where did he stand when he was playing baseball?
Jim Stewart - 04 May 2004 16:40 GMT
> >>>>>Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?
> >>>>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> >
> Where did he stand when he was playing baseball?

He kind of crunched over behind me....He was an INTERNIST.....

Jim Stewart
John Miller - 04 May 2004 18:40 GMT
>> For several years, I had an Internist names Hu
>> He couldn't figure why I giggled when I asked for him...
>>
> Where did he stand when he was playing baseball?

Had to be on first.  

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

Comparing information and knowledge is like asking whether the fatness
of a pig is more or less green than the designated hitter rule."
               -David Guaspari

Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 07:24 GMT
>Isn't a torus sort of a cylinder with fat walls?

Not exactly.  A true torus has only one surface, there is no side, inside, outside,
or any of the traditional three dimendional surfaces there is only "the surface".
It's sort of like a Mobius ring on steroids, except that a Mobius ring has a surface
AND an edge.  The torus lacks the edge.  A ring torus cannot be used as a coffee cup
because it has a hole with no inside wall or floor.  If one were constructed from
open-cell foam, it could serve somewhat as a device to contain liquids, but only in
the manner of a sponge.  Not an effective, or particularly useful, coffee cup.
Sucking coffee from a saturated sponge is not my idea of having a large time.
Not only that, but people will talk about you if you are observed doing that.

Greg Procter said that any shape can be referred to as a grossly deformed torus.
I agree.
A stricter definition and/or description differentiating torii and cylinders is
needed.

One interesting thing you can do with a ring torus is turn it inside-out to form an
identical torus.
Every time you turn it inside-out it will be exactly the same as it was before.
Sounds like fun, eh?
Gerard Pawlowski - 01 May 2004 17:09 GMT
Dear folks,

    The doughnut-coffee cup case is a good one.  The mistake that
is being made is in thinking the doughnut hole becomes the inside
of the cup.  It doesn't.  It becomes the hole in the handle! (The
cup has to be the kind with an ear).

    If you carve a wooden model of a torus, it does indeed have
only one surface, because there aren't any edges where you can say
one surface ends and another begins.  A sphere is the same way,
though.

                                     Cordially yours,
                                       Gerard P.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 18:22 GMT
>Dear folks,
>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>                                      Cordially yours,
>                                        Gerard P.

Yes and in the same way that the above torus becomes a coffee cup, a bowl is merely a
deformed sphere.

I can't really subscribe to that in either case. I think the whole idea of the torus
morphing into a coffee cup exceeds the limit of elasticity of the torus.  I could say
that Rodan's "Thinker" was a deformed torus with the hole being a passage from the
mouth to the ear. Such reasoning would permit virtually anything with a hole through
it to be called a deformed torus

I don't think that will work.

An parabolic or hyperbolic coffee cup with a recurved handle stretches the limits of
acceptability even further.

How all this relates to model railways is absolutely a mystery to me.
Paul Newhouse - 01 May 2004 19:16 GMT
> Yes and in the same way that the above torus becomes a coffee cup, a bowl is merely a
> deformed sphere.

That would be the half imploded sphere style coffee cup!

> I can't really subscribe to that in either case. I think the whole idea
> of the torus morphing into a coffee cup exceeds the limit of elasticity
> of the torus.  

What limits?  The donut shape of the torus is just it's energy
conservation state.

> I could say that Rodan's "Thinker" was a deformed torus with the hole
> being a passage from the mouth to the ear. Such reasoning would permit
> virtually anything with a hole through it to be called a deformed torus.

> I don't think that will work.

Worked for Rodan *8-}

> An parabolic or hyperbolic coffee cup with a recurved handle stretches
> the limits of acceptability even further.
>
> How all this relates to model railways is absolutely a mystery to me.

Remember that simple oval track years and years ago?  That was a slightly
deformed 2-D torus!!

*<8^>

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 20:01 GMT
>> Yes and in the same way that the above torus becomes a coffee cup, a bowl is merely a
>> deformed sphere.
[quoted text clipped - 27 lines]
>
>Paul

OK, well here's another question.  It occurred to me while I was thinking about torii
and spheres.

In deep space where, for all intents and purposes, there is zero gravity-- ( there is
actually no such place, but this is a hypothetical problem anyway so we can
pretend)-- and zero atmosphere, will a volume of water left unrestrained or contained
form a perfect sphere?
Will it form into its shape of greatest density per unit volume, or will it simply
blob, amoeba-like and drift through the void?

For ease of thought and uniformity of replies let's use a volume of 100 liters of
pure water.

Think about it.
While you are doing that, I'm going to go out into the workshop and mess around with
my trains for a little while.
Paul Newhouse - 02 May 2004 00:06 GMT
> Will it form into its shape of greatest density per unit volume,
> or will it simply blob, amoeba-like and drift through the void?

It will probably disperse as a gas ... or freeze.  If it freezes
then the shape depends on how carefully you released it and what
shape it was released in.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Brian Paul Ehni - 02 May 2004 00:27 GMT
On 5/1/04 6:06 PM, in article E3Wkc.10243$kh4.649306@attbi_s52, "Paul
Newhouse" <rockhead.com@pimin.rockhead.com> wrote:

>> On Sat, 01 May 2004 18:16:25 GMT, rockhead.com@pimin.rockhead.com (Paul
>> Newhouse)
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>
> Paul

That's what I was going to respond.

How about a like volume of mercury instead? Or would that "freeze" too?
Signature

Brian Ehni

Mike Fletcher - 02 May 2004 00:24 GMT
The water will not take the form of a sphere. It will in fact take the
shape of an F7. Santa Fe, of course.

Mike

> >> Yes and in the same way that the above torus becomes a coffee cup, a bowl is merely a
> >> deformed sphere.
[quoted text clipped - 44 lines]
> While you are doing that, I'm going to go out into the workshop and mess around with
> my trains for a little while.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 01:43 GMT
>The water will not take the form of a sphere. It will in fact take the
>shape of an F7. Santa Fe, of course.
>
>Mike

Mike is the only one who got it (almost) right.

Mike, it would only be a Santa-Fe eff unit if that's what you wanted to see.  If you
wanted to see a Florida East Coast eff unit, it would be that.

Read Raychaudhuri's treatise on the subject and you will see.
Jim Stewart - 02 May 2004 02:49 GMT
> >The water will not take the form of a sphere. It will in fact take the
> >shape of an F7. Santa Fe, of course.
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
>
> Read Raychaudhuri's treatise on the subject and you will see.

Actually, string theory suggests it would take the form of a multitude of
engines,
depenjding on which universe it was in. No, I am not a theoritical phyisist,
I
just slept on a motel bed last night...

James R Stewart, PhD....
Jon Miller - 02 May 2004 00:49 GMT
>will a volume of water left unrestrained or contained
form a perfect sphere?<
   I read somewhere once that they were experimenting making perfect ball
bearings using space.  I'm going to guess you would get a perfect ball of
ice.
MacIndoe - 02 May 2004 01:39 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:>
> OK, well here's another question.  It occurred to me while I was thinking about torii
> and spheres.
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> While you are doing that, I'm going to go out into the workshop and mess around with
> my trains for a little while.

It will freeze instantly into whatever shape it was in when released.

Oh, and a torus is a particular shape:

 "A solid in the shape of a donut, formed by rotating a circle about a
line in its plane without intersecting it."

Sure, it could "morph" into many other shapes, but it is then no longer
a torus.  Just as a sphere could morph into a cube, but it would then be
a cube, not a sphere.

MacIndoe
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 02:46 GMT
>Froggy@The wrote:>
>> OK, well here's another question.  It occurred to me while I was thinking about torii
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
>
>MacIndoe

Someone said that a coffee cup is a slightly deformed torus. Greg Procter said words
to the effect "nonsense" with which I agreed.
I use US Navy coffee cups which have no ear, or handle, nor any bottom or top and are
therefore invlouted oblate spheres.

I ~DO~ however have a ewer which ~IS~ a torus if such a shape can legally be defined
as such.  It has an ear, but then so do I, however I am a Taurus, not a torus.
This is distinctly different from a talus or a talon.
David P Harris - 02 May 2004 18:11 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:
....> Someone said that a coffee cup is a slightly deformed torus. Greg
Procter said words
> to the effect "nonsense" with which I agreed.
> I use US Navy coffee cups which have no ear, or handle, nor any bottom or top and are
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> as such.  It has an ear, but then so do I, however I am a Taurus, not a torus.
> This is distinctly different from a talus or a talon.

Well, it is often said that humans are topologically equivalent to a
torus :-)

David
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 18:13 GMT
>Froggy@The wrote:
>....> Someone said that a coffee cup is a slightly deformed torus. Greg
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>
>David

Perhaps, but that is stretching it a bit<G>
Daniel A. Mitchell - 03 May 2004 15:56 GMT
Incorrect. Humans have SEVERAL interconnected holes and internal
passages. More like a swiss cheese.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> Froggy@The wrote:
> ....> Someone said that a coffee cup is a slightly deformed torus. Greg
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>
> David
Froggy@The Pond.com - 03 May 2004 18:16 GMT
>Incorrect. Humans have SEVERAL interconnected holes and internal
>passages. More like a swiss cheese.
>
>Dan Mitchell
>==========

What kind of Swiss Cheese?
They make many kinds of cheeses in Switzerland.
I like them all.

................F>
Smartaz, GA.
Jeff Sc. - 02 May 2004 03:05 GMT
>In deep space where, for all intents and purposes, there is zero gravity-- ( there is
>actually no such place, but this is a hypothetical problem anyway so we can
>pretend)-- and zero atmosphere, will a volume of water left unrestrained or contained
>form a perfect sphere?
>Will it form into its shape of greatest density per unit volume, or will it simply
>blob, amoeba-like and drift through the void?

There's still molecular forces, and 100 litres of water has it's own
gravitational force...

Jeff Sc
Physics R Us, Ga.

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 03:11 GMT
>>In deep space where, for all intents and purposes, there is zero gravity-- ( there is
>>actually no such place, but this is a hypothetical problem anyway so we can
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
>Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.

And thus, the answer is...................................?????
Jim Stewart - 02 May 2004 02:44 GMT
> >Dear folks,
> >
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
>
> How all this relates to model railways is absolutely a mystery to me.

Once read a story where one last bypass was added to the Boston Subway
System, making it
into a mobius strip...Does traction count?

Jim Stewart
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 03:22 GMT
>Once read a story where one last bypass was added to the Boston Subway
>System, making it
>into a mobius strip...Does traction count?
>
>Jim Stewart

Armin Deutsch wrote the story, the Kingston Trio made it into a song.
Both are true according to some sources.

...................F>
Enquiring Minds Want to Know, GA.
Bob May - 01 May 2004 23:59 GMT
Aside from the delightful offtopic that the word topology has created - BTW,
a torus is a one hole surface and the coffee cup and the donut are the same
topologically as the cup part of the coffee cup is just a minor distortion
of the surface that is of no concequence for the math type.
The double slip switch has a set of points and frogs on each of the tracks
coming into the thing thus it is 4 turnouts, not two.  A single slip switch
has two turnouts as only two of the legs of the trackage have points and
frogs on them.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 04:01 GMT
> >> The above is, in my view, misleading. A double slip does not have the
> >> functionality of a double crossover at all.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> with simultaneous moves, a double slip does not. The double slip is
> two turnouts squashed together.

A double slip has four sets of points in addition to a centre crossing, even
though it has the same routing functions as two turnouts toe to toe.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 15:25 GMT
I agree with what you say, but find from experience that many modelers
can't understand the notion of a 'lap' switch. A double slip IS the
equivalent of a double crossover, so long as only ONE train at a time
uses it. You are, of course. correct that a double crossover allows two
trains to pass each other IN the switchwork, that cannot be done in a
double slip (at least not without some excitement).  :-(

The confusion over 'lap' switches is why most consider the common double
lap switch to be a 'three way' switch. It's NOT.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> >A 'double' slip switch can be though of as a 'routing' crossing. Choose
> >any ONE of the four tracks to enter the switch, and you can choose to
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
> Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
> Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 17:00 GMT
>I agree with what you say, but find from experience that many modelers
>can't understand the notion of a 'lap' switch. A double slip IS the
>equivalent of a double crossover, so long as only ONE train at a time
>uses it. You are, of course. correct that a double crossover allows two
>trains to pass each other IN the switchwork, that cannot be done in a
>double slip (at least not without some excitement).  :-(

I don't think it can be done even with the excitement added<G>
I think you would have to get Ray Bradbury in on the project before it would work.
He did something similar on Mars many years ago.

>The confusion over 'lap' switches is why most consider the common double
>lap switch to be a 'three way' switch. It's NOT.

Congratulations!
Now you can try explaining the difference between drills, drill motors and bits, and
explain why there is no such thing as a "drill bit".
Oh yeah, while you're at it you can also illuminate the masses regarding the
incorrect use of the term "lashup" to mean "consist".
Good luck!

....................F>
Etymology, GA.
Daniel A. Mitchell - 30 Apr 2004 20:13 GMT
No thanks, Froggy!  :-(

I got involved in the 'drill bit' issue both here and in the
metalworker's newsgroup <rec.crafts.metalworking >. That went on for
weeks, with about twenty vocal supports for each position. There are
points to be made on BOTH sides (and perhaps a few MORE sides as well).
The real answer is lost in the mists of time somewhere back a few
centuries ago.

Shall we restart the "Switch" vs. "Turnout" mess while we're at it?

Dan Mitchell
==========

Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >I agree with what you say, but find from experience that many modelers
> >can't understand the notion of a 'lap' switch. A double slip IS the
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
> ....................F>
> Etymology, GA.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 21:15 GMT
>No thanks, Froggy!  :-(
>
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>Dan Mitchell
>==========

Yas Suh !  
I'm game if you are <VBG>
John Miller - 30 Apr 2004 20:30 GMT
Froggy@The Pond.com wrote to D. Mitchell:
> Congratulations!
> Now you can try explaining the difference between drills, drill motors and
> bits, and explain why there is no such thing as a "drill bit".
> Oh yeah, while you're at it you can also illuminate the masses regarding
> the incorrect use of the term "lashup" to mean "consist".
> Good luck!

Oh, and let's not forget about whether a revolver is or is not a pistol.  

Signature

John Miller
South Etymology, GA
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

We don't believe in rheumatism and true love until after the first attack.
               -Marie Ebner von Eschenbach

Froggy@The Pond.com - 30 Apr 2004 21:18 GMT
>Froggy@The Pond.com wrote to D. Mitchell:
>> Congratulations!
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
>Oh, and let's not forget about whether a revolver is or is not a pistol.  

Like I told Dan,  I'm game if you are.
Which side do you want to take?
John Miller - 30 Apr 2004 21:30 GMT

> Like I told Dan,  I'm game if you are.
> Which side do you want to take?

Sorry...I'm not game.  (But if I were, I'd take the more permissive of the
two positions. :-)

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

The sight of death frightens them [Earthers].
               -Kras the Klingon, "Friday's Child", stardate 3497.2

Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 04:12 GMT
> Froggy@The Pond.com wrote to D. Mitchell:
> > Congratulations!
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> Oh, and let's not forget about whether a revolver is or is not a pistol.

So we won't go in to how yanks shoot their guns?
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 04:09 GMT
Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >I agree with what you say, but find from experience that many modelers
> >can't understand the notion of a 'lap' switch. A double slip IS the
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> Oh yeah, while you're at it you can also illuminate the masses regarding the
> incorrect use of the term "lashup" to mean "consist".

"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 01 May 2004 07:30 GMT
>"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.

Please elaborate.
This should be interesting.
Gregory Procter - 01 May 2004 22:07 GMT
Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
>
> Please elaborate.
> This should be interesting.

Dictionary definition:
Consist (v.i.)  to be composed of:  be comprised or contained in. (Oxford
dictionary)

There is no entry "Consist (n)", but if we try, by mental gymnastics to create a
noun form of the word we end up regarding the individual physical contents or
components of an action.    8^P

The first time I read the word "consist" in a RM magazine (after circa 30 years of
being a railway and model railway enthusiast) all I could come up with was "Huhh?
What the hell are they on about".
There's no way to get from the word to the meaning without being "in the know".

(I must admit also to having a problem in reading about "gas electrics" - what sort
of gas? where are the big bags? etc)

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Mathu - 01 May 2004 22:23 GMT
>>>"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> What the hell are they on about".
> There's no way to get from the word to the meaning without being "in the know".

If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways, use an American
dictionary.  Look at the noun definition of "consist" at Merriam-Webster:
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=consist
"makeup or composition (as of coal sizes or a railroad train) by classes,
types, or grades and arrangement"
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 02:56 GMT
> >>>"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
> >>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
> If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways, use an American
> dictionary.

Why would anyone want to use a US dictionary?

> Look at the noun definition of "consist" at Merriam-Webster:
> http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=consist
> "makeup or composition (as of coal sizes or a railroad train) by classes,
> types, or grades and arrangement"

OK, so your US dictionary lists current US misuses of words - there's still no
way from the word to the meaning in real terms.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 04:17 GMT
>> >>>"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
>> >>
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
>
>Why would anyone want to use a US dictionary?

Those of us who reside in North America find them exceedingly useful.
It is not necessary for North America and New Zealand to have identical etymological
parameters. It doesn't make either group more correct or  more wrong. There are
always minor differences in such things.  Even within the USA there are regional
etymologies that differ slightly.  It has to do with our enormous size and cultural
diversity.
New Zealand is about the same size as the states of Georgia and Alabama combined,
268,677 square kilometers for NZ and 281,451 square kilometers for GA and AL.  You
will find extremely little etymological differences between GA and AL, but you will
find a great difference between them and Connecticut/Massachusetts, which are over a
thousand miles away, yet still in the same country.  Such is the nature of man. We do
not speak the same English that our pre-Columbian predecessors did and our
descendants will not speak the same English we do. Such is the unavoidable nature of
things.  English is a living language; a very highly adaptable and fluid living
language that grows and changes with need and convenience.  I am amused to imagine
what a very prim and proper Elizabethan Englishman might have to say about the
language that either you or I speak today.  No doubt he would be greatly upset with
the degree to which we have corrupted the language.
So it is with each generation.
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 12:13 GMT
Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >> >>>"Consist" is in itself an incorrect term as used by US railways.
> >> >>
[quoted text clipped - 23 lines]
>
> Those of us who reside in North America find them exceedingly useful.

I can imagine - you have all those idiots making up new meanings for existing words when
we already have several hundred thousand  of them to cover almost every possible
situation.

> It is not necessary for North America and New Zealand to have identical etymological
> parameters. It doesn't make either group more correct or  more wrong. There are
> always minor differences in such things.  Even within the USA there are regional
> etymologies that differ slightly.  It has to do with our enormous size and cultural
> diversity.
> New Zealand is about the same size as the states of Georgia and Alabama combined,

Hey, don't go getting rude!

> 268,677 square kilometers for NZ and 281,451 square kilometers for GA and AL.  You
> will find extremely little etymological differences between GA and AL, but you will
> find a great difference between them and Connecticut/Massachusetts, which are over a
> thousand miles away, yet still in the same country.

New Zealand spreads over 2000miles from end to end.

>  Such is the nature of man. We do
> not speak the same English that our pre-Columbian predecessors did and our
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> language that either you or I speak today.  No doubt he would be greatly upset with
> the degree to which we have corrupted the language.

US english has many components that are much closer to 1776 English than the British use
today.
I'm not really rubbishing US english other than the very recent collection of non-logical
misadditions such as "consist". oh, and "gas" for "gasoline".

> So it is with each generation.

There has been a massive increase in the last 20 odd years of such idiotic and
non-sensical terms.
Bob May - 02 May 2004 20:30 GMT
Everytime that this discussion of English vs.US usage of words happens, I
get reminded of a joke about the difference.
An elderly English dowager is on vacation in America and in registering at a
nice posh hotel and going to the room, as she is tipping the bellboy, she
says "Come knock me up about 7 in the morning."
Now, to an Englishman, this may be "normal' speech, but to an American,
knocking somebody up is having sex with the woman and getting her pregnant!
OOPTH!

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 20:47 GMT
> Everytime that this discussion of English vs.US usage of words happens, I
> get reminded of a joke about the difference.
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> knocking somebody up is having sex with the woman and getting her pregnant!
> OOPTH!

I was at one of those corporate improvement courses where the US guest speaker
commented on "fanny patting" as being barely pc. He was puzzled by the
audience's response which of course related to the English language "fanny"
being a slightly different part of a womans anatomy.
Mark Mathu - 02 May 2004 21:27 GMT
> I can imagine - you have all those idiots making up new meanings for existing words when
> we already have several hundred thousand  of them to cover almost every possible
> situation.

Hey - it's the Oxford English Dictionary which added bling-bling to the
dictionary.
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 21:54 GMT
> > I can imagine - you have all those idiots making up new meanings for
> existing words when
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> Hey - it's the Oxford English Dictionary which added bling-bling to the
> dictionary.

Ouch!!
Hey, I'm not particularly attacking the USa as such, it's this carry on of
making up senseless terms.
For example, there's a NZ company presently advertising it's "Table spread"
on TV. Why the hell would anyone want to spread a table, or spread something
edible on a table? I know that it is a substitute for butter, magarine etc
for spreading on bread, crackers or whatever, but their term doesn't tell me
that. In the same way "consist" doesn't tell me that you're talking about
turning multiple locos in to a singly controllable loco unit, any more than
calling them an "Albert" would.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Jeff Sc. - 02 May 2004 22:10 GMT
>For example, there's a NZ company presently advertising it's "Table spread"
>on TV. Why the hell would anyone want to spread a table, or spread something
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>turning multiple locos in to a singly controllable loco unit, any more than
>calling them an "Albert" would.

Sounds like you should be speaking German, where words mean what they
mean, and hte language is basically static.

Up here, we've learned to adapt and change.  Besides, jargon is an
accepted form of communication, and railway workers in the US know
what a consist is, just as they have no need to know what the function
of a plate-layer is.  After all, why would we need to lay a plate?
Sounds like something that would require a table spread...

I know what is meant by "consist", and so do you.  If you don't, all
you have to do is ask - that's why we're here...welll, most of us,
anyway.  

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 03:18 GMT
> >For example, there's a NZ company presently advertising it's "Table spread"
> >on TV. Why the hell would anyone want to spread a table, or spread something
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> Sounds like you should be speaking German, where words mean what they
> mean, and hte language is basically static.

Err well, I read it.

> Up here, we've learned to adapt and change.

That's nice, but we don't all live in the one country but some things are
becoming "international".

>  Besides, jargon is an
> accepted form of communication,

It's basically rubbish. Fine perhaps if you have a narrow life and never look
outside it's confines.

> and railway workers in the US know
> what a consist is, just as they have no need to know what the function
> of a plate-layer is.  After all, why would we need to lay a plate?

The "plate" in question is actually a plate - it's a steel plate that sits
between the rail and the sleeper (or tie) to extend the life of the sleeper and
give the rail a more solid foundation.

There's the advantage of giving things names that reflect their function, you can
figure out what they are from the name!

> Sounds like something that would require a table spread...
>
> I know what is meant by "consist", and so do you.

Yes of course I know the meaning of consist, but the first time I came across it
I did not know, the meaning didn't leap out even in context (Model Railroader)
and there was no internet.

> If you don't, all
> you have to do is ask - that's why we're here...welll, most of us,
> anyway.

I keep a watch on this ng in the hope of learning something.

> Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.

Who? What? Where? Which? How?
Jeff Sc. - 03 May 2004 03:29 GMT
>Who? What? Where? Which? How?

...thus demonstrating his wide experience and knowledge of everything
contained within the wide world...

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 04:06 GMT
> >Who? What? Where? Which? How?
>
> ...thus demonstrating his wide experience and knowledge of everything
> contained within the wide world...

Thus Jeff SC. demonstrates his complete inability to answer simple and
basic questions.
Jeff Sc. - 04 May 2004 00:30 GMT
>> >Who? What? Where? Which? How?
>>
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>Thus Jeff SC. demonstrates his complete inability to answer simple and
>basic questions.

Me.

This thing.

Here.

This one.

This way.

Simple answers for a simple man.  Now do you feel enlightened?

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 01:08 GMT
> >> >Who? What? Where? Which? How?
> >>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>
> Simple answers for a simple man.  Now do you feel enlightened?

No, but answers from simple people often leave me feeling that way.

Why are we fighting?

Regards,
Greg.P.
Jeff Sc. - 05 May 2004 02:15 GMT
>> >> >Who? What? Where? Which? How?
>> >>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>
>Why are we fighting?

Who's fighting?

Not me...

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Bill McCutcheon - 03 May 2004 04:45 GMT
> > >For example, there's a NZ company presently advertising it's "Table spread"
> > >on TV.  [snip]

Fine perhaps if you have a narrow life and never look
> outside it's confines. [snip]

For someone who professes to be a stickler for correct usage, it would
be nice if you learned that the possessive "its" has no apostrophe.

Also, although "currently" is now an accepted meaning for "presently,"
that has come about through common (mis)usage; the traditional meaning
of the word is "soon."

-- Bill McC.
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 05:18 GMT
> > > >For example, there's a NZ company presently advertising it's
> "Table spread"
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> that has come about through common (mis)usage; the traditional meaning
> of the word is "soon."

That's a pretty assessment of my grammatical abilities.

I did not profess to be a stickler for correct usage, I professed to be
annoyed by non-descriptive names being applied to objects and actions and
also by inappropriate use of jargon in an international forum.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Keith Norgrove - 03 May 2004 12:05 GMT
>> and railway workers in the US know
>> what a consist is, just as they have no need to know what the function
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>There's the advantage of giving things names that reflect their function, you can
>figure out what they are from the name!

The term 'platelayers' originated long before the steel plates you
describe came into use. It comes from the pre-railway era of
'plateways'. Check up on your early railway history eg the 'Surrey
Iron Railway' and 'Peak Forest Tramway'.  The plates were the cast
iron  pieces that spanned between stone blocks to keep cart wheels out
of the mud and ruts thus greatly increasing the haulage efficiency of
a horse.
Shows how names stick from past activity and thus bear no relation to
the current function. Similar story for 'Navvies'.

Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 23:55 GMT
> >> and railway workers in the US know
> >> what a consist is, just as they have no need to know what the function
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> describe came into use. It comes from the pre-railway era of
> 'plateways'.

That is the "railway era" which still continues today.

> Check up on your early railway history eg the 'Surrey
> Iron Railway' and 'Peak Forest Tramway'.  The plates were the cast
> iron  pieces that spanned between stone blocks to keep cart wheels out
> of the mud and ruts thus greatly increasing the haulage efficiency of
> a horse.

Roll your history back a little further. Iron plates were placed on the wooden rails
of coal tramways to extend the life of those rails.

> Shows how names stick from past activity and thus bear no relation to
> the current function. Similar story for 'Navvies'.

When the current function still deserves the term, who is to say.
John Miller - 02 May 2004 22:20 GMT
> There has been a massive increase in the last 20 odd years of such idiotic
> and non-sensical terms.

...while in New Zealand, English usage remains impeccable, if am I reading
you correctly.  (By the way, do you really hyphenate "nonsensical" in NZ?)

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

Q:      What's the difference between Bell Labs and the Boy Scouts?
A:      The Boy Scouts have adult supervision.

Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 03:23 GMT
> > There has been a massive increase in the last 20 odd years of such idiotic
> > and non-sensical terms.
>
> ...while in New Zealand, English usage remains impeccable, if am I reading
> you correctly.

No, but I at least now live in the world, not just in a narrow society where
eveyone knows what everyone else means by a small sequence of grunts.

> (By the way, do you really hyphenate "nonsensical" in NZ?)

That depends upon the emphasis I'm intending when I write the word - think about
the difference between "nonsensical" and "non-sensical".

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Mathu - 02 May 2004 21:12 GMT
> > If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways, use an American
> > dictionary.
>
> Why would anyone want to use a US dictionary?

Because you were saying the term was wrong as used by *US* railways, you
loon.
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 21:43 GMT
> > > If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways, use an
> American
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> Because you were saying the term was wrong as used by *US* railways, you
> loon.

This is an international forum.
Mark Mathu - 02 May 2004 23:25 GMT
>>>> If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways,
>>>> use an American dictionary.
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
> This is an international forum.

Sure it is... but if you're going to claim that a term is incorrect as used
by U.S. railways, then at least refer to the U.S. definition of the word.
Paul Newhouse - 03 May 2004 00:20 GMT
>>>>> If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways,
>>>>> use an American dictionary.
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> Sure it is... but if you're going to claim that a term is incorrect as used
> by U.S. railways, then at least refer to the U.S. definition of the word.

You are attempting to reason with the clown who declared the US was
violating the law by "flying" in the Iraqi "No Fly" Zone.  His penchant
for pedantic drivel is truly astounding.  At first I thought it was
deliberate and contrived but, I have come to believe it's just who he is.
He seems to go in cycles so I'm guessing his meds get out of balance.

Remember, killfiles are your friend.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 03:35 GMT
> >>>>> If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways,
> >>>>> use an American dictionary.
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
>
> Paul

So go file yourself, Paul.
The discussion about the Shah of Iraq was a joke on a number of idiots who
claimed to be vastly more knowledgeable on the subject of the ME - they took 18
months to notice my ongoing joke.

The broad point I am attempting to make is that jargon is fine in narrow circles
or groups, not so good in international forums.
The specific point I was making is that the word "consist" does not describe the
item it is applied to and is therefore basically meaningless to those outside the
specific jargon clique.

Your point seems to be that I irritate you because you don't like to think and
therefore you advocate pulling your head back under your rock where the light
can't penetrate.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Paul Welsh - 03 May 2004 15:40 GMT
<snip>
> > Remember, killfiles are your friend.
> >
> So go file yourself, Paul.

<snip>

> The broad point I am attempting to make is that jargon is fine in narrow circles
> or groups, not so good in international forums.
> The specific point I was making is that the word "consist" does not describe the
> item it is applied to and is therefore basically meaningless to those outside the
> specific jargon clique.

<snip>

We have an international group here, but also a model railroad group. I
expect any group to use their own jargon so I can expect general usage
jargon and slang *as well as* railroad terms from various countries.

As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
understood terminology, even if it exists?

As far as using descriptive terms goes: I worked as a switchman for a
full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
"roundhouse" by everyone who worked there, although it was certainly not
round. Should I explain to everyone, now, why it was called the
"roundhouse?"

I think this forum is all the more interesting because of the diversity
of language, and I've learned a lot from it.

A different Paul, Paul Welsh
will@CreditValley.Railway - 03 May 2004 15:56 GMT
> As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
> people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
> understood terminology, even if it exists?

There is no such a thing as "universally understood terminology".
Even English words mean different things in different countries.

Bonnet and boot to an American are articles of clothing, to someone from
Britain they are parts of a car/truck.

> As far as using descriptive terms goes: I worked as a switchman for a
> full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> A different Paul, Paul Welsh

Agreed, any open minded person with a desire to learn will only enrich their
experience by learning about diversity, not wanting everyone to conform to
his/her particular way of thinking/talking. It is when we look outside of
our normal "little world" that we learn and grow.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Jim Stewart - 03 May 2004 19:26 GMT
> > As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
> > people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
> his/her particular way of thinking/talking. It is when we look outside of
> our normal "little world" that we learn and grow.

I am as enriched as I want to be. I would like to know about SLIP SWITCHES
on model railroads.

James R Stewart
Froggy@The Pond.com - 03 May 2004 19:51 GMT
>I am as enriched as I want to be. I would like to know about SLIP SWITCHES
>on model railroads.
>
>James R Stewart

What would you like to know?
I'm sure that we all would enjoy the topic. Ask some questions to get the thing
started.
Jim Stewart - 04 May 2004 05:23 GMT
> >I am as enriched as I want to be. I would like to know about SLIP SWITCHES
> >on model railroads.
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> I'm sure that we all would enjoy the topic. Ask some questions to get the thing
> started.

How do you do the wiring?

Should DCC be different from DC?

Will one work on a tight curve?

Peco vs Shinohara?

I have a ten by 10 room and am TRYING to make passenger division point
activity.....

I am not against anyone saying whatever they want, I do some myself. But I
do wish I could
read a thread that talked about something important to me without mostly
offtopic there.

Jim
Keith Norgrove - 04 May 2004 08:28 GMT
>How do you do the wiring?

That's pretty much where we started, exactly the same as the two
turnouts its equivalent to. The two outside rails are plus and minus,
the left frog is switched by the right blades, the right frog by the
left blades. Four wires go to the rails, one to each side and one to
each of the frogs. The K crossings are each connected to the nearest
outside rail.

>Should DCC be different from DC?

No.

>Will one work on a tight curve?

Depends, but generally not a good idea.

>Peco vs Shinohara?

Forget, build your own.

>I have a ten by 10 room and am TRYING to make passenger division point
>activity.....
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>read a thread that talked about something important to me without mostly
>offtopic there.

After you have had the various views presented the topic either dies
or sparks an OK discussion like this one went to Torii.

Unless you ask follow up questions.
Keith

Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Jim Stewart - 04 May 2004 16:33 GMT
> >How do you do the wiring?
>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> each of the frogs. The K crossings are each connected to the nearest
> outside rail.

If I have 2 blocks east separated by insulators, can I include the device
in the two blocks west (like a crossover) or should I make it a miniblock?
(isolated from other blocks)

Jim Stewart
Keith Norgrove - 05 May 2004 23:26 GMT
>> >How do you do the wiring?
>>
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>in the two blocks west (like a crossover) or should I make it a miniblock?
>(isolated from other blocks)

How you arrange blocks depends on the functions of the various tracks
and where they go to next. so you can do either of these depending on
circumstances. I would not expect to see the arrangement you describe
in running lines, the double slip usually occurs in combination with
other formations. However if all the tracks, two east and two west are
through running lines then it may be appropriate to have a seperate
mini block for the slip. I would arrange it to be fed from two of the
other blocks, east or west depending on switch settings to avoid an
extra block selector on the panel. If some of the tracks are sidings
it may well be better to feed the sidings in self isolating fashion
reducing block selectors still further. And with dcc eliminate blocks
altogether and just have the basic frog switching.

Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Jim Stewart - 06 May 2004 05:51 GMT
> >> >How do you do the wiring?
> >>
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
> Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
> Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.

Perhaps you need to know more about my application. I am building a four
track
station (aka Newark, NJ) but not with as much trackage. I was going to have
the four converge into two mainlines with double crossovers between
(Remember I
said I am trying to do this round the wall in a 10x10 room) the two mains
feed back
into the other end  of the station. Now I have decided to add a lead to each
pair
of station tracks. I want to have a crossover at the center of this lead to
the start
of the other pair. This could be two back to back turnouts or a double
crossover
in a traditional tight spot on passenger inlet to station. I am using tight
radius for passenger
(18 inches) but intend to cover most of the turns with city scenery. (No,
not the turnouts.)
ultimately, I want to play with (experiment) CTC for having each track be
bydirectional.
I have students who are drooling over such a control project using ladder
logic and
a manufacturer who would like to see how it is done. I also want to
prototype signal
for Penn 1942.....That is a major research project, yet....

I do not want to go with DCC because the blocks will make control easior for
this
instance. When I have a real basement, club room, etc then I can modify this
test
road into a module. The design is being built ultra light so that it can be
moved as 3 by 8 foot
units. It will sit on four 6 foot tables so most of the serious framing will
not be required.

If this is a little incoherent, I have 250 students who expect their papers
for the semester
all to be graded by tomorrow...It is high stress time for a 64 year old....

Jim Stewart
Keith Norgrove - 06 May 2004 09:36 GMT
>> Keith
>> Make friends in the hobby.
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
>prototype signal
>for Penn 1942.....That is a major research project, yet....

Jim,
I'm not sure I have a clear picture of how these 'leads' are meant to
connect. Its probably better to take this discussion off group so we
can exchange drawings. Does your email addy in here work?

Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Bob May - 07 May 2004 20:39 GMT
In the basic two mains to the 4 tracks, I can see a pair of slipswitches to
do the turnouts from the station side of the double crossover.
The train enters the trackwork, crossing a single turnout which is the
double crossover and then the doulbe slip which is the station side of the
double crossover.  This allows for the train to access any of the 4 tracks
of the station from either of the main tracks.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 00:24 GMT
> > As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
> > people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> Bonnet and boot to an American are articles of clothing, to someone from
> Britain they are parts of a car/truck.

Trunk and Hood in English are a big suitcase and the folding roof cover on a
convertable.

> > As far as using descriptive terms goes: I worked as a switchman for a
> > full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
> N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
> www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm
Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 00:22 GMT
> <snip>
> > > Remember, killfiles are your friend.
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
> expect any group to use their own jargon so I can expect general usage
> jargon and slang *as well as* railroad terms from various countries.

OK, I'll throw a (US) term in for you to play with: "Railroad" vs "Railway".
I read a discussion in MR magazine in the late '60s or early '70s - the bottom line was
that around a third of US rail systems were called "Railways" - the US hobby now
universally calls them "Railroads" - what happened?

> As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
> people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
> understood terminology, even if it exists?

It doesn't exist, but once a group like the NMRA creates a standard for terminology the
diversity begins to die.

> As far as using descriptive terms goes: I worked as a switchman

What is a "switchman"? (I genuinely don't know what the precise position is)

> for a
> full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
> "roundhouse" by everyone who worked there, although it was certainly not
> round. Should I explain to everyone, now, why it was called the
> "roundhouse?"

If you think it important that those reading should understand, then yes.

> I think this forum is all the more interesting because of the diversity
> of language, and I've learned a lot from it.

I'm a New Zealander modelling old time German railroads - I'm arguing _for_ diversity
of language. (and descriptive terms if they must be standardised)

Regards,
the one and only Greg.P.
Takaka, NZ.
Paul Welsh - 04 May 2004 15:31 GMT
> > We have an international group here, but also a model railroad group. I
> > expect any group to use their own jargon so I can expect general usage
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> that around a third of US rail systems were called "Railways" - the US hobby now
> universally calls them "Railroads" - what happened?

I think the hobby followed the prototype, but why did the industry do
this?--I don't know. Either is a descriptive term, though, and not
likely to cause confusion.

> > As an American, I don't generally know what terms are unfamiliar to
> > people from other countries, so how am I going to use universally
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> What is a "switchman"? (I genuinely don't know what the precise position is)

An interesting example. The term is descriptive in that it defines a job
where the person has something to do with switches. It could be a switch
repairman, a towerman that throws switches at an interlocking, or what I
did, or something else.

I was a member of the Switchmen's Union of North America. I pulled the
uncoupling levers on cars, applied/released hand brakes, threw switches
(turnouts) on the ground, gave hand signals to the locomotive engineer
(locomotive driver in the U.K. and, perhaps, elsewhere) to direct his
movements, etc. Some folks in North America would call this a
"brakeman's" (another descriptive term) job, and it was. The difference
was: a switchmen worked only within the yard limits and the brakemen
only outside the yard limits. So the difference in terminology was a
creation of the North American labor unions and unlikely to be carried
to other countries.

I believe that in the U.K., "brakemen" are called "guards," but not sure
if there is an equivalent to "switchmen." I'm not even sure the terms
"switchman" and "brakeman" are used on prototype railroads in the
U.S./Canada any more. I understand "brakemen" are now called "assistance
engineers" on at least one railroad.  

I have no clue what terminology might be used in New Zealand.

> > for a
> > full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> If you think it important that those reading should understand, then yes.
In general I agree, but it must be done very sparingly and only if the
term is central to the argument. Look how much text it to explain
"switchman" although it could be reduced for a quicky definition. Mostly
we must depend upon readers to know the lingo.

> > I think this forum is all the more interesting because of the diversity
> > of language, and I've learned a lot from it.
>
> I'm a New Zealander modelling old time German railroads - I'm arguing _for_ diversity
> of language. (and descriptive terms if they must be standardised)

I tend to agree, but the context of the usage is very important. For
railroad workers and those operating on my layout, I think there is a
certain charm to calling a cubical diesel shop "the roundhouse." This
term was originally used to describe the circular buildings, built
around turntables, used to house steam engines. The "roundhouse" became
"the place where they house locomotives" rather than a describer of the
shape of a building. In fact, "the roundhouse" may include the fuel
track, the ready track, or any other track that is designated just for
locomotives. If I write an article for a prototype railroad journal, I
would not use the term "roundhouse" and would confine the term "diesel
shop" to the building used to repair and inspect locomotives.

One supposedly descriptive term that I would like to see die is "wide
cab" because it is purports to be descriptive, but is a lie. "Wide cab"
locomotives are the same width inside and out as any other cab.

Paul Welsh
Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 16:12 GMT
...............<snip>............

>One supposedly descriptive term that I would like to see die is "wide
>cab" because it is purports to be descriptive, but is a lie. "Wide cab"
>locomotives are the same width inside and out as any other cab.
>
>Paul Welsh

I have often asked users of the term "wide cab" if a locomotive with a wide cab can
pass another that also has a wide cab, or even if a wide cab can pass a "regular" cab
locomotive.
One fellow responded that the wide cabs are wider ~INSIDE~ and have much more room
inside. I asked him if he had somehow confused a locomotive with a tardis, but I
don't think he knew what I meant. LOL!
Same size outside, but much larger inside. Neat trick eh?  Those lads at EMD are
always coming up with them.
Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 21:17 GMT
> > > We have an international group here, but also a model railroad group. I
> > > expect any group to use their own jargon so I can expect general usage
[quoted text clipped - 35 lines]
> creation of the North American labor unions and unlikely to be carried
> to other countries.

Sounds to me like you were a "yard(s)man".

> I believe that in the U.K., "brakemen" are called "guards,"

The "guard" is the senior member of the train crew.

> but not sure
> if there is an equivalent to "switchmen." I'm not even sure the terms
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> I have no clue what terminology might be used in New Zealand.

New Zealand railways used a mix of US, British and homegrown technology but organisationally
the terminology mostly came from Britain. Westinghouse brakes became standard so long before
I existed that "breakmen" and the like were long forgotten.

Of course, your explanation brings up new queations - "interlocking" and "tower" are, I
assume, a "signal box"? Why two different names?

> > > for a
> > > full-sized railroad at one time and the diesel shop was called the
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
> would not use the term "roundhouse" and would confine the term "diesel
> shop" to the building used to repair and inspect locomotives.

We call them all "Loco depots".

> One supposedly descriptive term that I would like to see die is "wide
> cab" because it is purports to be descriptive, but is a lie. "Wide cab"
> locomotives are the same width inside and out as any other cab.

I agree, but you're about as likely to see that one disappear as I am to see "consist"
disappear.

At long last, the English speaking modellers are dropping "points" to describe "turnouts", a
mis-term that was given by tinplate manufacturers way back in the 1900s!

Regards,
Greg.P.
Roger T. - 04 May 2004 23:42 GMT
"Gregory Procter"

> At long last, the English speaking modellers are dropping "points" to describe "turnouts", a
> mis-term that was given by tinplate manufacturers way back in the 1900s!

AFAIK, UK railwaymen still call 'em "points" and North American railroaders
still call 'em "switches".

It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
"turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.

--
Cheers
Roger T.

Home of the Great Eastern Railway
http://www.highspeedplus.com/~rogertra/
will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 23:54 GMT
> It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
> "turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.

I believe that was an NMRA started convention.
Switches are electric switches for throwing turnouts.
Turnouts are pieces of railway track that branch into two lines and are
controlled electrically by switches.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Roger T. - 05 May 2004 00:29 GMT
> "Roger T."

> > It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
> > "turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> Turnouts are pieces of railway track that branch into two lines and are
> controlled electrically by switches.

:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  To the NMRA when the railway already has a term that
all railroaders use.

"Switches" they are, and "Switches" they will remain.

If you want to call something by a name, call electrical switches,
"toggles".

Like those weird hand signals the NMRA created rather than using railroad
hand signals.

--
Cheers
Roger T.

Home of the Great Eastern Railway
http://www.highspeedplus.com/~rogertra/
Roy Wilke - 05 May 2004 08:19 GMT
>>It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
>>"turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.
>
> I believe that was an NMRA started convention.

(snip)

> Turnouts are pieces of railway track that branch into two lines and are
> controlled electrically by switches.

If that's the case, then what's the correct name for a
point/switch/turnout (strike out whichever term/s you disagree with)
where the controlling mechanism is either mechanical (rods and linkages)
or manual (whacking your finger into the middle of the track and
changing the alignment)?
Gregory Procter - 06 May 2004 02:42 GMT
> >>It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
> >>"turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> or manual (whacking your finger into the middle of the track and
> changing the alignment)?

One moves the points to realign the turnout. - works in both English and US
cases.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 23:59 GMT
>"Gregory Procter"
>
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>Home of the Great Eastern Railway
>http://www.highspeedplus.com/~rogertra/

On the Southern Railway (US) we referred to them as either turnouts or switches.
Use was indiscriminate. A replacement "switch" rode to the jobsite on a specially
constructed "turnout" car.

Go figure................F>
Gregory Procter - 05 May 2004 00:08 GMT
> "Gregory Procter"
>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> AFAIK, UK railwaymen still call 'em "points" and North American railroaders
> still call 'em "switches".

Bother!

> It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
> "turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.

Well, buying a "set of points" in a model shop might result in a smaller
package than if you ask for a "turnout". Asking for a "switch" might result in
anything from a list of goods known as "switches".
Probably operating staff of railways rarely go to the railway shop to make the
full size purchase.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 05 May 2004 01:19 GMT
>"Gregory Procter"
>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>Cheers
>Roger T.

If you purchase a set of points in North America, you have something to install into
your automobile's ignition system.
If you go to the hobby store/model train shop and ask for a switch, you will have to
clarify whether you want a track switch (turnout) or an electrical switch (toggle,
rotary, etc.).
If you ask for a set of points a member of the staff will, most likely, refer you to
the nearest auto parts store.
If you ask for a turnout, you will probably get what you want.
Roger T. - 05 May 2004 02:28 GMT
> >> At long last, the English speaking modellers are dropping "points" to
> >describe "turnouts", a
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> the nearest auto parts store.
> If you ask for a turnout, you will probably get what you want.

Who mentioned auto parts?

We're talking railroading, or at the least, model railroading and every
railroader and or model railroader should know what a "switch" is.   It
ain't electrical, unless you say "On/Off Switch".  Plain ole "switch" to a
railroader is something that you go "throw", or "get", or "line" plus, I'm
sure, several more local terms.

--
Cheers
Roger T.

Home of the Great Eastern Railway
http://www.highspeedplus.com/~rogertra/
Froggy@The Pond.com - 05 May 2004 06:20 GMT
>Who mentioned auto parts?

I did.
A set of points is something for your automobile.
Steve Caple - 05 May 2004 09:01 GMT
> It ain't electrical, unless you say "On/Off Switch".

Not to PUSH anyone's BUTTONS, but in a MOMENTARY lapse of
PCness I went to a bar to see a DWARF tossing exhibition.  
Instead it was wrestling night, and the TAG team action
featuring Big Eddie Kulikowski was fierce, with SINGLE POLE
DOUBLE THROWS until he managed to TOUCH his partner and then
we were treated to a beautifully choreographed DOUBLE POLE  
DOUBLE THROW, but it soon REVERSEd into a THREE-WAY until the
referee made them STOP.

Luckily no one pulled a KNIFE, not even a teeny tiny little
MICRO one  -  there are LIMITS.

Signature

Steve Caple

Gregory Procter - 06 May 2004 02:41 GMT
> > >> At long last, the English speaking modellers are dropping "points" to
> > >describe "turnouts", a
[quoted text clipped - 27 lines]
> railroader is something that you go "throw", or "get", or "line" plus, I'm
> sure, several more local terms.

I've been a model railroader for 45 years and a switch is an electrical item to
me.
Jeff Sc. - 05 May 2004 02:25 GMT
>AFAIK, UK railwaymen still call 'em "points" and North American railroaders
>still call 'em "switches".
>
>It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
>"turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.

Well, not exactly.  A current CSX employee, who has been around and
knows of what he speaks (and is certainly a member of the operating
staff), told me that the "switch" is the moving part of the "turnout"
(I could have this reversed)

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Ernie Fisch - 06 May 2004 03:24 GMT
On Tue, 4 May 2004 22:42:52 UTC, "Roger T."
<rogertra@highspeedplus.com> wrote: 2000

> It's only the model press and model railroaders that seem to call 'em
> "turnouts".   And non-operating staff on railways.

My Southern Pacific Common Standard Drawings call them both turnouts
and switches.  They are not consistent.  Properly the switch is the
movable part, i.e. the points.

Signature

ernie fisch

Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 21:20 GMT
> I believe that in the U.K., "brakemen" are called "guards," but not
> sure if there is an equivalent to "switchmen."

On UK/Australian/NZ railways, the guard would be the equivalent of the
conductor on a US railroad. The equivalent of a switchman would be a
shunter.
Roger T. - 04 May 2004 23:45 GMT
>  > I believe that in the U.K., "brakemen" are called "guards," but not
>  > sure if there is an equivalent to "switchmen."
>
> On UK/Australian/NZ railways, the guard would be the equivalent of the
> conductor on a US railroad. The equivalent of a switchman would be a
> shunter.

In the UK, freight trains didn't/don't carry a switching crew with them.

In the Good Old days, each station provided the ground crew for switching at
each station.  A "Goods Train" crew consisted of a Driver, Fireman and
Guard.  Three men only.

--
Cheers
Roger T.

Home of the Great Eastern Railway
http://www.highspeedplus.com/~rogertra/
Gregory Procter - 05 May 2004 00:10 GMT
> >  > I believe that in the U.K., "brakemen" are called "guards," but not
> >  > sure if there is an equivalent to "switchmen."
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> each station.  A "Goods Train" crew consisted of a Driver, Fireman and
> Guard.  Three men only.

In NZ the crew is now down to two men only - they are the switching crew in many
cases.
Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 16:41 GMT
>> On UK/Australian/NZ railways, the guard would be the equivalent of
>> the conductor on a US railroad. The equivalent of a switchman would
>>  be a shunter.

> In the UK, freight trains didn't/don't carry a switching crew with
> them.

Indeed, no. I was offering English language equivalents to the US terms
only, not suggesting that the work practices were the same.

> In the Good Old days, each station provided the ground crew for
> switching at each station. A "Goods Train" crew consisted of a
> Driver, Fireman and Guard. Three men only.

As was mostly the case in Australia. An interesting exception were
pick-up or trip trains, which would often have an additional guard on
board to assist at locations where shunting took place, but there was no
permanent staff on hand.
Hzakas - 04 May 2004 23:09 GMT
>The difference
>was: a switchmen worked only within the yard limits and the brakemen
>only outside the yard limits. So the difference in terminology was a
>creation of the North American labor unions and unlikely to be carried
>to other countries.

>I'm not even sure the terms
>"switchman" and "brakeman" are used on prototype railroads in the
>U.S./Canada any more.

Paul,

In some cases, the term "brakeman" has been succeeded by "utility man," though
the functions are the same. A utility man works in the yard, though I've worked
as a brakeman on a local, and as switchman (utility man) in the yard.

CSX generally calls the utility position a "switchman."

Dieter Zakas
Bob May - 05 May 2004 19:20 GMT
Actually, the "wide" cabs are no wider than the old "narrow" cabs and really
don't even describe the cab itself but rather the nose of the loco.  The
"narrow" cab has a typical GP/SD nose while the "wide" cabs have a version
of the cab that was first applied to the FP-45 locos.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Jeff Sc. - 05 May 2004 02:14 GMT
>OK, I'll throw a (US) term in for you to play with: "Railroad" vs "Railway".
>I read a discussion in MR magazine in the late '60s or early '70s - the bottom line was
>that around a third of US rail systems were called "Railways" - the US hobby now
>universally calls them "Railroads" - what happened?

It's a legal fiction.  XYZ Railroad" goes bankrupt, reorganizes as
"XYZ Railway" - thus keeping its identity while shedding all its
fiscal responsibilities.

We in the hobby are just lazy.  We can't even get out of our
armchairs, much less be bothered to distinguish "railroad" from
"railway"

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Bob May - 05 May 2004 02:30 GMT
The railway vs. railroad is more from the early days of railroading where
English financiers provided a bit of the money or English ancestry people
named the railroad.  Even the mere custom of saying railway vs. railroad
could have been the source of the naming.  Eventually, the old names fell by
the wayside and the new names tended to be railroad as this was the way
Americans are talking about their railroads.

--
Bob May
Losing weight is easy!  If you ever want to lose weight, eat and drink less.
Works  every time it is tried!
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 03:26 GMT
> >>>> If you're going to say it's incorrect as used by US railways,
> >>>> use an American dictionary.
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> Sure it is... but if you're going to claim that a term is incorrect as used
> by U.S. railways, then at least refer to the U.S. definition of the word.

Did I say the term was _incorrect/wrong_ as used by US railways or did I say
the word was _non-sensical_?

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Mathu - 03 May 2004 04:52 GMT
> Did I say the term was _incorrect/wrong_ as used by US railways or did I say
> the word was _non-sensical_?

You wrote that the term was incorrect as used by US railways.
news:409314D9.9E920FAB@ihug.co.nz
Gregory Procter - 03 May 2004 05:19 GMT
> > Did I say the term was _incorrect/wrong_ as used by US railways or did I
> say
> > the word was _non-sensical_?
>
> You wrote that the term was incorrect as used by US railways.
> news:409314D9.9E920FAB@ihug.co.nz

Could we go with what I intended to write?
Jim Stewart - 03 May 2004 06:33 GMT
> > > Did I say the term was _incorrect/wrong_ as used by US railways or did I
> > say
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
> Could we go with what I intended to write?

CAN WE GET BACK TO SLIP SWITCH TRACK OR LEAVE THIS GROUP?

Jim Stewart
Mark Mathu - 03 May 2004 14:11 GMT
>> Could we go with what I intended to write?
>
> CAN WE GET BACK TO SLIP SWITCH TRACK OR LEAVE THIS GROUP?

Yeah -- like slip switches are the *only* thing that can be discussed on
rec.models.railroad.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 03 May 2004 18:28 GMT
>>> Could we go with what I intended to write?
>>
>> CAN WE GET BACK TO SLIP SWITCH TRACK OR LEAVE THIS GROUP?
>
>Yeah -- like slip switches are the *only* thing that can be discussed on
>rec.models.railroad.

We haven't had a "Split the Group" rant in a long time now, nor has any Haggis come
up for a while.
We're about due for some interesting OT stuff. Torii are a new OT that we haven't
batted around before.

While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way to power an airbrush using
oxygen?

...................F>
Smartazz, GA.
Donald Kinney - 03 May 2004 18:52 GMT
> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
> Smartazz, GA.
The major problem with using Oxygen is that the pressure the oxygen is
under.  When released to use with an air brush makes the oxygen temperature
drop and the paint then thickens up.
I think that if someone could make a dual feed pressure regulator and use
propane for the second gas mixture the two gasses would not cool down
NotSureButGuessing
Froggy@The Pond.com - 03 May 2004 19:00 GMT
>> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
>> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>propane for the second gas mixture the two gasses would not cool down
>NotSureButGuessing

Propane would probably work OK, but have you thought about using acetelyne?  Being
derived from acetone it should have some solvent properties that would aid in
reducing the tendency of the paint to thicken.
Just a thought.
Gerard Pawlowski - 04 May 2004 00:27 GMT
Dear Froggy & Co.,

    I didn't know we were celebrating Big John Day!  Happy Big John
Day.  The train of RDC's will be leaving at 8:30.  Barbeque will be
served in the dining car.  (Is there an RDC dining car?)

Cordiallly yours,
Gerard P.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 02:00 GMT
>Dear Froggy & Co.,
>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>Cordiallly yours,
>Gerard P.

Big John is sorely missed.  We will not see the likes of him again.
Mark Mathu - 04 May 2004 02:28 GMT
>      I didn't know we were celebrating Big John Day!  Happy Big John
> Day.  The train of RDC's will be leaving at 8:30.  Barbeque will be
> served in the dining car.  (Is there an RDC dining car?)

Sadly, we are.  "Big John" Dalton -- a regular contributor to
rec.models.railroad -- passed away three years ago, on May 4, 2001.
Jim - 04 May 2004 00:27 GMT
>>> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
>>> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>reducing the tendency of the paint to thicken.
>Just a thought.

Gads, Where do you live? I just want to make sure I'm not downwind of
the fallout!

Jim
Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 02:05 GMT
>>>> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
>>>> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>
>Jim

Fallout? What fallout?
I wasn't suggesting using radioactive acetylene

It's acetylene not acetelyne.  I can spell fnie, I just can't tpye so hto.
Sorry 'bout that.
Peter W. - 04 May 2004 03:08 GMT
> >> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
> >> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> reducing the tendency of the paint to thicken.
> Just a thought.

Hmmmm..
I thought Acetylene works better with Nitrous-Oxide gas !

That, combined with atomized paint should yeld a very happy combination.
Just make sure to use a non-water based paint for best results.
More flammable - the better !
And make sure to spray in an unventilated tightly closed space and hope for
a spark.  Darwin would be proud !
:-)
Peteski
Robert - 03 May 2004 23:29 GMT
Thanks for bringing up this subject. Something I was just thinking
about. I had not considered the temperature/pressure drop issue. Not
to mention the FLAMMABILITY issue. Yikes!

I use nitrogen bottles as a source for a small, laboratory (single
pass) sand blaster. Regulator reduced to about 40 psi. I was wondering
if this nitrogen source might be also suitable for an airbrush, of
course more reduced pressure. A 4-5 foot tall 1800 psi nitrogen bottle
refill costs about $9. The regulator about $80. Probably last for a
long time.

I have experienced those problems with the little cans that get very
cold after some use and introduce condensed water into the air stream
and ruin your paint project.

Thanks for your help RMR!

Best Regards,

Robert

>> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
>> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>propane for the second gas mixture the two gasses would not cool down
>NotSureButGuessing
Howard R Garner - 04 May 2004 20:14 GMT
> Thanks for bringing up this subject. Something I was just thinking
> about. I had not considered the temperature/pressure drop issue. Not
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> refill costs about $9. The regulator about $80. Probably last for a
> long time.

Been There, Done That, Works Great

I have also used CO2 as a pressure source

Howard R Garner
Daniel A. Mitchell - 04 May 2004 20:35 GMT
Any relatively inert gas will work well. Nitrogen is probably the
cheapest, and is used by many professional artists. With ANY of these,
provide adequate ventilation, as they are asphyxiant gasses (they
displace oxygen). Using them in confined spaces (like a room) invites disaster.

In the long run, a compressor is the cheapest alternative, but all the
inexpensive ones make considerable noise.

Dan Mitchell
==========

> > Thanks for bringing up this subject. Something I was just thinking
> > about. I had not considered the temperature/pressure drop issue. Not
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
> Howard R Garner
Woodard R. Springstube - 05 May 2004 03:46 GMT
>> Thanks for bringing up this subject. Something I was just
>> thinking about. I had not considered the
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>
> Howard R Garner

Be sure to chain any bottled gas cylinder to the wall or to a
really stout workbench.  Be sure to leave the top on until you
have the cylinder chained or strapped to the wall.  Knock the
valve loose and you have a rocket on your hands.  I saw the
aftermath of one that went through three cinderblock walls and
took off across a field.  Also, don't forget, as another poster
mentioned, that these gases displace oxygen and can make you
dead pretty quickly in a confined space.
Bob Grime - 06 May 2004 12:04 GMT
Hi all,

Be careful with nitrogen, the first hint you get there could be trouble is
when you find yourself face down on the floor !

Bob.

> > Thanks for bringing up this subject. Something I was just thinking
> > about. I had not considered the temperature/pressure drop issue. Not
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
> Howard R Garner
Howard R Garner - 06 May 2004 17:39 GMT
> Hi all,
>
> Be careful with nitrogen, the first hint you get there could be trouble is
> when you find yourself face down on the floor !
>
> Bob.

Nitrogen should be a very-very minor issue.
Since it already makes up over 70% of the atmosphere, the usual amount
from air-brushing should not increase the % to a leathal level.
Mark Mathu - 04 May 2004 04:29 GMT
>> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
>> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
>
> The major problem with using Oxygen is that the pressure the oxygen is
> under.  When released to use with an air brush makes the oxygen temperature
> drop and the paint then thickens up.

Can't you simply heat the oxygen as it leaves the airbrush -- with something
like with a cigarette lighter or a propane torch or something?  That seems
like it would quickly get the oxygen back up to ambient temperature, and
solve all of your problems.
KTØT - 04 May 2004 05:29 GMT
: >> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
: >> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
: like it would quickly get the oxygen back up to ambient temperature, and
: solve all of your problems.

Permanently!

Bob
Donald Kinney - 04 May 2004 05:29 GMT
> >> While I am at it, has anyone come up with a good way
> >> to power an airbrush using oxygen?
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> like it would quickly get the oxygen back up to ambient temperature, and
> solve all of your problems.
I thought about doing something like this but ran into a couple of problems:
1. Holding the model being painted, the airbrush and the lighter required
three hands and I only have two...
2.  The flame from the lighter caused the paint to darken.  I didn't want to
search the web for a lighter shade of colour as I have found the perfect
shade of black.
Jim Stewart - 03 May 2004 19:23 GMT
> >> Could we go with what I intended to write?
> >
> > CAN WE GET BACK TO SLIP SWITCH TRACK OR LEAVE THIS GROUP?
>
> Yeah -- like slip switches are the *only* thing that can be discussed on
> rec.models.railroad.

IT IS THE ONLY THING THAT CAN BE DISCUSSED IN A THREAD WITH SAID TITLE.

James Stewart
Steve Caple - 04 May 2004 03:03 GMT
> IT IS THE ONLY THING THAT CAN BE DISCUSSED IN A THREAD WITH SAID TITLE.

Well, not really, and shouting won't make it so.

Signature

Thread Drift R Us

Roy Wilke - 04 May 2004 19:18 GMT
>>>>Could we go with what I intended to write?
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> James Stewart

Okay, then a slip switch is a switch that is unsteady on its feet.
will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 19:43 GMT
> >>>>Could we go with what I intended to write?
> >>>
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> >
> Okay, then a slip switch is a switch that is unsteady on its feet.

I thought a slip switch was when you swapped your auntie's undies...

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 21:23 GMT
> >>>>Could we go with what I intended to write?
> >>>
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> >
> Okay, then a slip switch is a switch that is unsteady on its feet.

You might be right - all mine have fallen down flat on the ground!
Steve Caple - 05 May 2004 09:04 GMT
> Okay, then a slip switch is a switch that is unsteady on its feet.

Oh  . . .  a slide switch, eh?

Signature

Steve Caple

Frank A. Rosenbaum - 02 May 2004 00:29 GMT
> Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> (I must admit also to having a problem in reading about "gas
> electrics" - what sort of gas? where are the big bags? etc)

Greg, in the United States we use gasoline in our cars. The 'Gas electrics'
used gasoline to run the generator for the traction motors.

I guess you might call it a 'Petrol electric'. (S)

> Regards,
> Greg.P.

Signature

Please note; return email address has changed.
It is now farosenbaum@sbcglobal.net. Emails to Earthlink will be
ignored.

The Gratiot Valley Railroad Club bi-annual train show and sale
November 7, 2004, at the Macomb Community College Sports
and Expo Center. Macomb County Michigan.
Please visit our Web Site

 Click here: http://www.gvrr.org/

Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 01:35 GMT
>> Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
> I guess you might call it a 'Petrol electric'. (S)

No.  They call them Tin Hares.
Talk about having to be "in the know" !
Antipodean English is all about having to be "in the know"<G>
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 03:00 GMT
Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >> Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
> >>
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
> Talk about having to be "in the know" !
> Antipodean English is all about having to be "in the know"<G>

Actually, "Tin Hares", "Vulcans" and "Fiats" (later "grass-grubs"), but the
time-tables called them "Railmotors" or "Railcars".
Mark Newton - 02 May 2004 11:25 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:

>> Greg, in the United States we use gasoline in our cars. The 'Gas
>> electrics' used gasoline to run the generator for the traction
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>>
> No. They call them Tin Hares.

Froggy, if you're referring to the 42 footers, they weren't "Petrol
Electrics", they were "Petrol Mechanical", and later "Diesel Hydraulic".
<VBG!>
Terry Flynn - 04 May 2004 01:36 GMT
> Froggy@The wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> Electrics", they were "Petrol Mechanical", and later "Diesel Hydraulic".
> <VBG!>

Mark the expert knows the 42 foot rail motors of the NSWGR, CPH's nick name
is the Tin Hare. Unfortunately our resident expert has got it wrong again.
NSW never had any diesel hydraulic rail motors. The Tin Hare was converted
from petrol mechanical to diesel mechanical drive which had a hydraulic
torque converter instead of a mechanical gear box.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 02:21 GMT
>> Froggy@The wrote:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>from petrol mechanical to diesel mechanical drive which had a hydraulic
>torque converter instead of a mechanical gear box.

Uhhhhhhh, not that I would ever "take sides" in the Flynn/Newton feud, but Terry,
isn't a system where a reciprocating engine drives a torque converter mechanical
drive an (engine-type) / hydraulic.  That is; in the case of a diesel powered
shunting locomotive with a torque converter which in turn drives cardan shafts
transmitting power to the bogies, do you not have a diesel/hydraulic locomotive?
I don't know that I have ever known of a diesel/hydraulic railway locomotive such
that the wheels were turned by hydraulic motors. For that matter I don't know of the
cardan shafts being turned by hydraulic motors.  To my way of thinking a
diesel/mechanical would have a manually operated transmission in the manner of large
highway tractors.
At any rate it sounds to me like the Tin Hares were, in fact diesel/hydraulic after
the upgrading

Please elaborate on your terminology and the reasons for it.
Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 02:58 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:

> Uhhhhhhh, not that I would ever "take sides" in the Flynn/Newton
> feud, but Terry, isn't a system where a reciprocating engine drives a
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> tractors. At any rate it sounds to me like the Tin Hares were, in
> fact diesel/hydraulic after the upgrading

The NSWGR and it's heirs and successors described the CPHs and
their ilk as diesel-hydraulics, likewise the once numerous 73 class
shunting locos, and the modern Xplorer and Endeavour cars. All of which
employ a torque converter between the engine and the final drive. But as
Flynn has been known to argue "that the termonolgy used in the
'official'documents is not the best or correct term", we can expect more
of his sophistry in response to your question. Good luck.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 04 May 2004 03:11 GMT
>Froggy@The wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>'official'documents is not the best or correct term", we can expect more
>of his sophistry in response to your question. Good luck.

Well since you are up and about, what is your say on the subject.  It is a foregone
conclusion that Australian and North American English are not always the same with
respect to the intended meaning of some words.
Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 09:10 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:

  > Well since you are up and about, what is your say on the subject. It
  > is a foregone conclusion that Australian and North American English
  > are not always the same with respect to the intended meaning of some
  > words.

Yes, in some cases that is obviously so. But I would say that the phrase
"diesel/hydraulic" means the same thing in both countries - and common
usage supports that interpretation. I note that Alco described their
DH-643s as diesel-hydraulic, as did EMD with their GMDH-1s, and
Plymouth their range of torque converter industrial locomotives. All
these locos were of the engine-torque converter-final drive
configuration.
Terry Flynn - 06 May 2004 02:01 GMT
> Froggy@The wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>  > tractors. At any rate it sounds to me like the Tin Hares were, in
>  > fact diesel/hydraulic after the upgrading

Except the Tin Hares had a mechanical clutch which could bypass the torque
converter, making it all mechanical drive at high engine revs only. A
technicality. It's is a bit of both. The rest of the rail motors do comply
with the generaly used term diesel hydralic drive that is in common usage, I
was seeing if Mark would bite. He has. He can't keep his word.

> The NSWGR and it's heirs and successors described the CPHs and
> their ilk as diesel-hydraulics, likewise the once numerous 73 class
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> 'official'documents is not the best or correct term", we can expect more
> of his sophistry in response to your question. Good luck.

Another post repling to what I have said Mark. You don't keep your word for
long. Why won't you give us details of your model railway? Why do you insist
on using talking about your model railway offline. What's to hide? What some
pen pusher describes as a 'diesel hydraulic  refers to the
hydraulic transmission and engine type. The reality is they all have a
mechanical final drive. It does not correctly cover the Tin Hare expert.
Exploders and Endeavours are never referred to as rail motors, locomotives
are not rail motors either.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Froggy@The Pond.com - 06 May 2004 02:40 GMT
>....I was seeing if Mark would bite. He has. He can't keep his word.

You two really hate each other, don't you?
I think you should both have a hot Vegemite sandwich and go to your rooms.<G>

.................F>
Shaking Head, GA.
Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 16:52 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:

> You two really hate each other, don't you?

Hate is not the word I'd use. I don't hate Flynn. I loathe and detest
the ill-mannered arsehole.

> I think you should both have a hot Vegemite sandwich and go to your
> rooms.<G>

I <do> hate Vegemite.
will@CreditValley.Railway - 06 May 2004 17:25 GMT
> >....I was seeing if Mark would bite. He has. He can't keep his word.
>
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> .................F>
> Shaking Head, GA.

It would appear that way Froggy, but if you listen to the two of them, Terry
seems to alsways get the upper hand as Mark has been reduced to imature name
calling several times, which only shows he has run out of ideas in the
discussion. Terry seems the mature one while Mark seems to be less in
control of himself.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 17:45 GMT
> It would appear that way Froggy, but if you listen to the two of
> them, Terry seems to alsways get the upper hand as Mark has been
> reduced to imature name calling several times, which only shows he
> has run out of ideas in the discussion. Terry seems the mature one
> while Mark seems to be less in control of himself.

You want an example of immature, moose rooter, you ought to see Flynn
when he's a guest in someone else's workplace.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 06 May 2004 18:34 GMT
> > It would appear that way Froggy, but if you listen to the two of
> > them, Terry seems to alsways get the upper hand as Mark has been
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>You want an example of immature, moose rooter, you ought to see Flynn
>when he's a guest in someone else's workplace.

Although I do not actually know what an antipodean "Moose Rooter" is, I will have to
say that it does have a very negative ring to it.
Perhaps Mark will enlighten those of us who do not speak such a colourful dialect of
English.
I do hope it's not profane.

And as for Will's comments. my only thought is that a two-man feud might be better
off left as a two-man feud. KWIM?
It's your funeral Will.  I'm not takin' sides.

We have an expression down here in Dixie about two tomcats in a sack.<G>
Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 18:46 GMT
Froggy@The wrote:

> Although I do not actually know what an antipodean "Moose Rooter" is,
> I will have to say that it does have a very negative ring to it.

Yes, it's an insult.

> Perhaps Mark will enlighten those of us who do not speak such a
> colourful dialect of English. I do hope it's not profane.

You'll be disappointed, then.

> And as for Will's comments. my only thought is that a two-man feud
> might be better off left as a two-man feud.

My thought is that the moose rooter is going to make Usenet history by
being the first person ever to willingly attempt to ingratiate himself
with Flynn. I wonder how long the honeymoon will last...
will@CreditValley.Railway - 06 May 2004 18:52 GMT
> > > It would appear that way Froggy, but if you listen to the two of
> > > them, Terry seems to alsways get the upper hand as Mark has been
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>
> We have an expression down here in Dixie about two tomcats in a sack.<G>

I just think it is hiralrious, these two guys. But I don't read Mark's
messages anymore, there was no content so I killfiled him. And Terry seems
to be doing quite well in the feud, he has reduced Mark to spouting
gibberish and hence Mark has lost ALL credibility.

I will move on now to my layout and if I happen to run across something I
need assistance with I will ask. OR If I see a thread where I can help, I
will offer my thoughts.

Have fun and as they say "Keep On Tracking!"
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 20:50 GMT
> I will move on now to my layout and if I happen to run across
> something I need assistance with I will ask. OR If I see a thread
> where I can help, I will offer my thoughts.

Yes, if I ever need advice on how to lay 6 foot of cork road or produce
a badly drawn trackplan, you'll be the first person I ask.
Terry Flynn - 11 May 2004 00:13 GMT
>  > I will move on now to my layout and if I happen to run across
>  > something I need assistance with I will ask. OR If I see a thread
>  > where I can help, I will offer my thoughts.
>
> Yes, if I ever need advice on how to lay 6 foot of cork road or produce
> a badly drawn trackplan, you'll be the first person I ask.

Tell us something about your HO layout. Have you got beyond 6 feet of cork
bed. As you are so into detail I await a description of your prototype
layout which is better than the Gorre and Daphetid.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 11 May 2004 01:20 GMT
> Tell us something about your HO layout. Have you got beyond 6 feet of
>  cork bed. As you are so into detail I await a description of your
> prototype layout which is better than the Gorre and Daphetid.

"Better than the Gorre & Daphetid"? What a change of heart.

Can this be from the same man who wrote, "Don't try to peddle out of
date US modelling practices down under, we have move (sic) on."???,
referring to John Allen?
Terry Flynn - 19 May 2004 03:27 GMT
>  > Tell us something about your HO layout. Have you got beyond 6 feet of
>  >  cork bed. As you are so into detail I await a description of your
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> date US modelling practices down under, we have move (sic) on."???,
> referring to John Allen?

Another post from Mark who said he would not reply to my posts.

A quote from aus.rail.models. Mark the expert who has never built an
Australian prototype model railway thinks you can apply 1960's US layout
design principles to an Australian Layout. It's a different subject you have
selectively quoted from. We still await any detail about your HO layout
expert.
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 20:53 GMT
> I just think it is hiralrious, these two guys. But I don't read
> Mark's messages anymore, there was no content so I killfiled him. And
> Terry seems to be doing quite well in the feud, he has reduced Mark
> to spouting gibberish and hence Mark has lost ALL credibility.

You're doing a great job of killfiling me then, eh moose rooter?
Terry Flynn - 11 May 2004 00:08 GMT
>  > It would appear that way Froggy, but if you listen to the two of
>  > them, Terry seems to alsways get the upper hand as Mark has been
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> You want an example of immature, moose rooter, you ought to see Flynn
> when he's a guest in someone else's workplace.

Marks off in fantasy land again. What is he going on about? Get back to
reality Mark. This is not Aus.rail where there are equally immature
individuals who think it's funny to insult people on the group.
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 11 May 2004 00:23 GMT
> Marks off in fantasy land again. What is he going on about? Get back
> to reality Mark.

Get back to work, you bludger.

> This is not Aus.rail where there are equally immature individuals who
>  think it's funny to insult people on the group.

Which you are quite happy to participate in when it suits you, bludger.

Do some work, you parasite.
Mark Newton - 11 May 2004 21:41 GMT
>> You want an example of immature, moose rooter, you ought to see
>> Flynn when he's a guest in someone else's workplace.

> Marks off in fantasy land again. What is he going on about?

The day that you came to the Large Erecting Shop as an invited guest,
and proceeded to behave like a complete and utter ill-mannered prick.

THAT'S WHAT I'M GOING ON ABOUT!

Or have you conveniently forgotten about that?
Keith Norgrove - 11 May 2004 22:39 GMT
>The day that you came to the Large Erecting Shop as an invited guest,
>and proceeded to behave like a complete and utter ill-mannered prick.

The day of this photo perhaps, he certainly hasn't got much of a
smile.
<http://www.angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html>

Keith
Make friends in the hobby.
Visit <http://www.grovenor.dsl.pipex.com/>
Garratt photos for the big steam lovers.
Mark Newton - 12 May 2004 00:45 GMT
>> The day that you came to the Large Erecting Shop as an invited
>> guest, and proceeded to behave like a complete and utter
>> ill-mannered prick.

> The day of this photo perhaps, he certainly hasn't got much of a
> smile.

<http://www.angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html>

That's the day in question, Keith. But, as grumpy as he is in this
photo, he still looks better than in the one I took of him. <G!>

http://images.fotopic.net/?id=4422382&outx=430&oq=0&original=1&noresize=1&nostamp=1
Terry Flynn - 13 May 2004 04:10 GMT
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

>  >> The day that you came to the Large Erecting Shop as an invited
>  >> guest, and proceeded to behave like a complete and utter
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> That's the day in question, Keith. But, as grumpy as he is in this
> photo, he still looks better than in the one I took of him. <G!>

http://images.fotopic.net/?id=4422382&outx=430&oq=0&original=1&noresize=1&nostamp=1
Steve Caple - 06 May 2004 18:26 GMT
wrote:
> I think you should both have a hot Vegemite sandwich and go to your rooms.<G>

I think they ARE a hot Vegemite sandwich, and don't want to
think about what would go on in those rooms.

Signature

Steve Caple

Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 18:28 GMT
>> I think you should both have a hot Vegemite sandwich and go to your
>> rooms.<G>
>
> I think they ARE a hot Vegemite sandwich, and don't want to think
> about what would go on in those rooms.

LOL!!! :-)
Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 17:02 GMT
> Except the Tin Hares had a mechanical clutch which could bypass the
> torque converter, making it all mechanical drive at high engine revs
> only. A technicality. It's is a bit of both. The rest of the rail
> motors do comply with the generaly used term diesel hydralic drive
> that is in common usage, I was seeing if Mark would bite. He has. He
> can't keep his word.

Changed your name to Froggy now? For it was Froggy that I was replying
to, arsehole.

> Another post repling to what I have said Mark. What some pen pusher
> describes as a 'diesel hydraulic refers to the hydraulic transmission
> and engine type. The reality is they all have a mechanical final
> drive. It does not correctly cover the Tin Hare expert. Exploders and
> Endeavours are never referred to as rail motors

Wrong. Come to work with me one night, arsehole, and read the signage on
the whiteboard in the Service Managers office. Or spend a couple of
hours studying all of the XESC in-house documentation.Note the number of
times the term "railmotor" appears, arsehole. Xplorers and Endeavours
are often referred to as railmotors by those who operate and maintain them.
Terry Flynn - 10 May 2004 05:08 GMT
>  > Except the Tin Hares had a mechanical clutch which could bypass the
>  > torque converter, making it all mechanical drive at high engine revs
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> Changed your name to Froggy now? For it was Froggy that I was replying
> to, arsehole.

Stick you dummy back in Mark. Try answering one question about your HO
layout expert story teller.

>  > Another post repling to what I have said Mark. What some pen pusher
>  > describes as a 'diesel hydraulic refers to the hydraulic transmission
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> times the term "railmotor" appears, arsehole. Xplorers and Endeavours
> are often referred to as railmotors by those who operate and maintain them.

So when official documents don't support your position you rely on the white
board and the jargon used unofficially. Since when do maintance staff define
the name of a passenger railway vehicle. It just shows poor adherence to
correct terminology, then again if you are involved, no wonder our rail
system has such a poor maintance record these days. Still pushing the broom?
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 10 May 2004 09:29 GMT
> So when official documents don't support your position you rely on the white
> board and the jargon used unofficially.

The in-house documentation at XESC <is> official, fuckwit. Or do you
imagine that the fitters and TAs amuse themselves by producing bootleg
paperwork?
Terry Flynn - 19 May 2004 03:29 GMT
> > So when official documents don't support your position you rely on the white
> > board and the jargon used unofficially.
>
> The in-house documentation at XESC <is> official, fuckwit. Or do you
> imagine that the fitters and TAs amuse themselves by producing bootleg
> paperwork?

Clearly then your official documents contain unofficial names for rail cars.
I will give you a tip Mark. NSW railmotors have the words ' RAILMOTOR' in 6"
high letters on their body. They also had spoked wheels. The
rail cars used today do not have the words railmotor on them, because they
are officially termed rail cars. It is to be expected you are unable to
correctly fill out paperwork. Fitters and TA's do not decide what is an
official term.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 19 May 2004 06:08 GMT
> Clearly then your official documents contain unofficial names for
> rail cars.

Clearly then, the official documents support my position.

> I will give you a tip Mark. NSW railmotors have the words '
> RAILMOTOR' in 6" high letters on their body. They also had spoked
> wheels.

Not in their later years they didn't. Better get out and have a look at
the survivors. Another lie.

> The rail cars used today do not have the words railmotor on them,
> because they are officially termed rail cars. It is to be expected
> you are unable to correctly fill out paperwork.

HAH! Well put, Mr Literacy!

> Fitters and TA's do not decide what is an official term.

Indeed, we do not. The railway hierarchy decide that, and they use the
terms "railmotor" and "railcar" interchangeably.
Terry Flynn - 28 May 2004 04:40 GMT
>  > Clearly then your official documents contain unofficial names for
>  > rail cars.
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
> Indeed, we do not. The railway hierarchy decide that, and they use the
> terms "railmotor" and "railcar" interchangeably.

It's clear some pen pushers are still using the out of date steam era
term for your section. It ain't the official name of what is being repaired.
Consider it to be an insult, rail motors are an out of date form of
transport.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 17 May 2004 13:00 GMT
> So when official documents don't support your position you rely on
> the white board and the jargon used unofficially. Since when do
> maintance staff define the name of a passenger railway vehicle.

The maintenance staff follow the example set by the owners/operators,
who frequently refer to the Xplorer and Endeavour cars as railmotors.
The documents produced by PFM and CountryLink are about as "official" as
you can get, I would think.

> just shows poor adherence to correct terminology, then again if you
> are involved, no wonder our rail system has such a poor maintance
> record these days. Still pushing the broom?

Note the glaring inconsistency in this question. If I was pushing a
broom, then I'd hardly have any effect at all on the maintenance record,
now would I? So take the time to look at the following:

http://www.railpage.com.au/modules/gallery/albums/album53/docket.jpg

PFM car cleaners - classified as EO3s - do a very good job in far from
ideal circumstances. So your constant attempts to nark me by referring
to me as a "broom pusher" are wasted. Our EO3s are hard-working and
dedicated, and would be an asset in any organisation. I gratefully
accept the compliment.

If you really wanted to hurt my feelings, you would refer to me as a
"UNSW technical officer".
Terry Flynn - 28 May 2004 04:39 GMT
>  > So when official documents don't support your position you rely on
>  > the white board and the jargon used unofficially. Since when do
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> The documents produced by PFM and CountryLink are about as "official" as
> you can get, I would think.

Your in good company, a bunch of pen pushers who don't know what they are
working on. Exploders are officially rail cars. Rail motor is a steam era
term, which went out of official use as a rail vehicle name a along time
ago. Public service tradition
appears to continue in State Rail. Out dated terminology for out dated
thinking. Then again Country Link is nothing but a second rate transport
service that exists due to political pork barrelling.

>  > just shows poor adherence to correct terminology, then again if you
>  > are involved, no wonder our rail system has such a poor maintance
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> http://www.railpage.com.au/modules/gallery/albums/album53/docket.jpg

This is most stupid thing you have done to date, placing your personal
details on the web such as staff No. The less important things such
as address can easily be looked up.
You must have told some real whoppers to become an acting shift supervisor.
What is the qualification of those below you? I am glad I am not in your
shoes when every one finds out how much you really know.

> PFM car cleaners - classified as EO3s - do a very good job in far from
> ideal circumstances. So your constant attempts to nark me by referring
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> If you really wanted to hurt my feelings, you would refer to me as a
> "UNSW technical officer".

You need real qualifications to be a technical officer.
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 28 May 2004 08:10 GMT
> This is most stupid thing you have done to date...

No, the most stupid thing I have done to date is waste time and effort
trading insults with a troglodyte like you.

Like many before me, I concede defeat.
Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 02:31 GMT
> Mark the expert knows the 42 foot rail motors of the NSWGR, CPH's
> nick name is the Tin Hare.

If you have anything to say, do so via e-mail, or in person.
I'm not wasting any more time trading slurs and insults with you on any
newsgroup.

If you have anything to say, do so via e-mail, or in person.
I'm not wasting any more time trading slurs and insults with you on any
newsgroup.
will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 03:21 GMT
>  >
>  > Mark the expert knows the 42 foot rail motors of the NSWGR, CPH's
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> I'm not wasting any more time trading slurs and insults with you on any
> newsgroup.

Terry, better do what Mark insists, he is tired of you humiliating him in
public.
He wants you to take it private. I know you have nothing to hide, But Mark
obviously does not want to be shown up in public.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 09:10 GMT
 > Terry, better do what Mark insists, he is tired of you humiliating
 > him in public.

I am tired of wasting time responding to his inane drivel. The
humiliation is all his.

 > He wants you to take it private. I know you have nothing to hide,

Terry has quite a lot to hide, as it happens. Ask him why his employer
closely monitors his internet usage these days.

 > But Mark obviously does not want to be shown up in public.

Mark obviously doesn't want to participate any more in Terry's
self-aggrandizing bullshit. If he was genuinely interested in discussing
information or ideas he could quite happily do so via e-mail or
telephone, as do many others. As for seeing my layouts, he lives quite
close to me, and has an open invitation to visit me at any time he cares
to. End of story.
will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 13:18 GMT
Mark, I would love to see your layout.
Anyone who thinks John Allen's work was not that good and intimated that he
can do better. I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles
north of Toronto.
Where abouts do you live?
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 13:48 GMT
> Mark, I would love to see your layout.
> Anyone who thinks John Allen's work was not that good and intimated that he
> can do better. I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles
> north of Toronto.
> Where abouts do you live?

BTW, my coreect email address can be found on my webpage.
Mark Newton - 04 May 2004 21:10 GMT
> Mark, I would love to see your layout.

> Anyone who thinks John Allen's work was not that good and intimated
> that he can do better.

Do you seriously maintain that I alone, of all the rail modellers in the
world, am the only one who reckons the G&D is overrated? Of course I can
do better. Anyone can, even you, by simply observing reality and
reproducing what they observe in miniature.

Which Allen manifestly DID NOT DO.

Allen's layout was a caricature, a cartoon in 3-D, the embodiment of his
fantasy world, it was many things, but it was not a great model railroad.

> I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles north of
> Toronto. Where abouts do you live?

Sydney, Australia. Pack your bags if you wish.
Paul Newhouse - 04 May 2004 22:12 GMT
> > I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles north of
> > Toronto. Where abouts do you live?
>
> Sydney, Australia. Pack your bags if you wish.

Post or send your address, someone my wife works with expects to be in
Sydney for about a month, sometime in August or September, and will no
doubt have a weekend available to stop by.  They thoroughly enjoyed our,
just getting started, track on foam layout. They'll undoubtedly be
extremely impressed by your layout.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 22:50 GMT
> > > I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles north of
> > > Toronto. Where abouts do you live?
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> just getting started, track on foam layout. They'll undoubtedly be
> extremely impressed by your layout.

Paul, it is NOT a good idea to post your adress on an open forum like this.
As to emails, with the assortment of email search bots on usenet, I would
suggest that addresses be emailed to the recipient. and that email address
be written in a form that can be understood, but not simply cut and pasted.
Otherwise you open up your email to all sorts of SPAM.

for instance, my email can be retrieved from my homepage. or I would say it
is

bill (underscore) annand (at) muskokacomutes (dot) com

The above can be understood by any reader, but a searchbot will overlook it
as it is not in correct email format.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Paul Newhouse - 04 May 2004 23:15 GMT
>> > > I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles north of
>> > > Toronto. Where abouts do you live?
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> Paul, it is NOT a good idea to post your adress on an open forum
> like this.

>> ... or send ...

> As to emails, with the assortment of email search bots on usenet,
> I would suggest that addresses be emailed to the recipient. and
> that email address be written in a form that can be understood,
> but not simply cut and pasted.

As in:

  newhouse at rockhead dot com

which you can find in the reply-to of the header???

The bots all send to "rockhead.com@" which is blocked.

I presumed that Mark was bright enough to NOT do something as stupid
as you are assuming.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

will@CreditValley.Railway - 04 May 2004 23:44 GMT
> >> > > I would love to see the layout. I live in Canada, 200 miles north of
> >> > > Toronto. Where abouts do you live?
[quoted text clipped - 27 lines]
> I presumed that Mark was bright enough to NOT do something as stupid
> as you are assuming.

I never presume anything when it comes to usenet.
Some users only know how to get here, read and post.
You would be surpised at some of the things people have done.
A while ago, one fellow was in the middle of a flame war with three other
people and he posted his phone number and wanted the others to phone him.

So I never presume anything and always feel it is better to warn someone and
have them say "I know that". Than it is to have someone do something dumb
and pay for it.
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Paul Newhouse - 05 May 2004 00:04 GMT
> So I never presume anything and always feel it is better to warn someone and
> have them say "I know that". Than it is to have someone do something dumb
> and pay for it.

Ok! *8-D

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Paul Newhouse - 04 May 2004 23:17 GMT

> bill (underscore) annand (at) muskokacomutes (dot) com
>
> The above can be understood by any reader, but a searchbot will overlook it
> as it is not in correct email format.

And it doesn't take much of a regexp or pcre to figure it out either.

Paul
Signature

Working the Rockie Road of the G&PX

Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 23:48 GMT
>  > Mark, I would love to see your layout.
>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> Allen's layout was a caricature, a cartoon in 3-D, the embodiment of his
> fantasy world, it was many things, but it was not a great model railroad.

You may well be thinking of a "model railway" as an inanimate object.
John Allen took his model into the dimension of operation as well as just a
visual representation of a railway.
Those of us who have built more than one model railway have almost certainly
built one that failed to achieve what we set out for it to be in one sense or
another. Allen's layouts were presented to us as fulfilling the original
requirements and in doing so encouraged many of us to dream bigger dreams and
to build better layouts. Allen also told us why previous layouts didn't give
the satisfaction they might have and thereby allowed us to avoid some of the
pitfalls he discovered.
If John Allen were alive today, I'm sure he would be taking full advantage of
the vastly better models that are available over the counter and the Gorre
and Daphetid would have gone through another half dozen metamorphoses.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Newton - 06 May 2004 18:54 GMT
> You may well be thinking of a "model railway" as an inanimate object.

No, I am not thinking anything of the sort. I am thinking of a model
railway as being a representation of reality in miniature. I am thinking
that Allen's layout was an animate fantasy object. Why is that such a
contentious statement? Am I the only person to see past the hype?

> John Allen took his model into the dimension of operation as well as
> just a visual representation of a railway.

It was a visual representation of a fantasy railway.

Operationally, it was no more realistic. An article about operations on
the G&D that appeared in an early 60s issue of MR confirms that.
Gregory Procter - 06 May 2004 23:45 GMT
>  > You may well be thinking of a "model railway" as an inanimate object.
>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> Operationally, it was no more realistic. An article about operations on
> the G&D that appeared in an early 60s issue of MR confirms that.

Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?

The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section of railway
track with suitable trains passing a point at representative moments.

If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway at an
instant in history it would take a vast amount of space and be operationally
as boring as hell. I suggest that any model railway we construct is in fact
a fantasy to a large degree. Mine certainly is, in spite of having a defined
prototype location, time period and all rolling stock present being correct
to that prototype.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 00:06 GMT
> Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?

Yes. You're just being deliberately obtuse in your interpretation of the
word "fantasy". Allen's railroad was completely implausible, and like no
real railway that ever was. A fantasy, in other words.

> The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section of
> railway track with suitable trains passing a point at representative
> moments.

Nonsense. You're confusing your inability to imagine how it may be done
with the idea that it can't be done. And it can be, and has been done
many, many times.

> If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway at
> an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space

More nonsense. The size of the model would be entirely dependent on the
prototype, a smallish location would give a smallish model.

> and be operationally as boring as hell.

An entirely subjective opinion, again it would depend on the prototype,
and the preferred operation style of the builder.

> I suggest that any model railway we construct is in fact a fantasy to
> a large degree.

Fantasy, as in fantastic, or fantasy as in a product of one's imagination?
Gregory Procter - 07 May 2004 02:45 GMT
>  >
>  > Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?
>
> Yes. You're just being deliberately obtuse in your interpretation of the
> word "fantasy". Allen's railroad was completely implausible, and like no
> real railway that ever was. A fantasy, in other words.

It looked like a few bits of New Zealand.

>  > The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section of
>  > railway track with suitable trains passing a point at representative
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> with the idea that it can't be done. And it can be, and has been done
> many, many times.

I think you're confusing your imagination with some ability you haven't got.

>  > If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway at
>  > an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space
>
> More nonsense. The size of the model would be entirely dependent on the
> prototype, a smallish location would give a smallish model.

Any location is going to relate to the length of the train being run and
almost any railway is going to be in the business of moving people or goods
considerable distances.
A small station on a main line is going to be much the same length as a major
station on the same line.

>  > and be operationally as boring as hell.
>
> An entirely subjective opinion, again it would depend on the prototype,
> and the preferred operation style of the builder.

Sure, but the prototype of my layout runs 6 trains per day (3 out and back)

>  > I suggest that any model railway we construct is in fact a fantasy to
>  > a large degree.
>
> Fantasy, as in fantastic, or fantasy as in a product of one's imagination?

That would depend upon one's imaginative abilities.
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 10:12 GMT
 >>> Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?
 >>
 >> Yes. You're just being deliberately obtuse in your interpretation
 >> of the word "fantasy". Allen's railroad was completely implausible,
 >> and like no real railway that ever was. A fantasy, in other words.

 > It looked like a few bits of New Zealand.

Really? Which bits of New Zealand feature five separate levels of track
strung along the sides of a near vertical-sided chasm??? The bits of New
Zealand which were designed and built by Disney??? In truth, it looks
nothing like any bits of anywhere.

 >>> The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section
 >>> of railway track with suitable trains passing a point at
 >>> representative moments.

 >> Nonsense. You're confusing your inability to imagine how it may be
 >> done with the idea that it can't be done. And it can be, and has
 >> been done many, many times.
 >
 > I think you're confusing your imagination with some ability you
 > haven't got.

Eh? Could you repeat this sentence in English, please?

 >>> If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway
 >>> at an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space

 >> More nonsense. The size of the model would be entirely dependent on
 >> the prototype, a smallish location would give a smallish model.

 > Any location is going to relate to the length of the train being run
 > and almost any railway is going to be in the business of moving
 > people or goods considerable distances.

Still more nonsense. With the stroke of a keyboard you dismiss the many
railways that only move people or goods short distances, or run short
trains. You also ignore the many instances where, for example, a
crossing loop is considerably shorter than the longest trains that use
it. Or there is a car-length halt on a main line. I would have thought
you'd be less parochial, and more observant than that.

 > A small station on a main line is going to be much the same length as
 > a major station on the same line.

Complete and utter nonsense. I can walk out my front door and stand on a
station that is just long enough to accomodate an eight-car suburban
EMU. There are no loops or sidings, just two platforms and plain track.
Two stations away in the up direction is a branch junction station,
which is at least twice as long as my local station. Two stations away
in the down direction is a station that is the terminus for suburban
electric services on our line. It is twice as long again. Your statement
makes no sense, unless you narrow your definition to mean only the
platforms, and even these vary in length.

 >>> and be operationally as boring as hell.

 >> An entirely subjective opinion, again it would depend on the
 >> prototype, and the preferred operation style of the builder.

 > Sure, but the prototype of my layout runs 6 trains per day (3 out and
 > back)

Yes, what is your point?

 >>> I suggest that any model railway we construct is in fact a
 >>> fantasy to a large degree.

 >> Fantasy, as in fantastic, or fantasy as in a product of one's
 >> imagination?

 > That would depend upon one's imaginative abilities.

In other words, you have no sensible answer.

Why don't we simply agree to disagree on this subject? Obviously, the
G&D appeals to you. That's great, terrific, more power to your elbow.
Gregory Procter - 07 May 2004 21:51 GMT
>   >>> Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?
>   >>
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> Zealand which were designed and built by Disney??? In truth, it looks
> nothing like any bits of anywhere.

I could find you three levels and quite a few spots where tracks run along
the sides of near vertical chasms. Disney probably got a lot of his ideas
from NZ terrain. cf Lord of the Rings.

>   >>> The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section
>   >>> of railway track with suitable trains passing a point at
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>
> Eh? Could you repeat this sentence in English, please?

Just read it more slowly and carefully, it makes full sense.

>   >>> If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway
>   >>> at an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> railways that only move people or goods short distances, or run short
> trains.

Can you give examples of grade one railways that have routes of under one
mile?
Can you give examples of railways that _only_ run short trains?

> You also ignore the many instances where, for example, a
> crossing loop is considerably shorter than the longest trains that use
> it.

You used "trains" rather than "train" - care to explain how two trains longer
than the crossing loop can pass? (I know the answer but your model layout is
going to be tied up for a long period!)

> Or there is a car-length halt on a main line. I would have thought
> you'd be less parochial, and more observant than that.

A car length halt isn't going to make an exciting operating layout!

>   > A small station on a main line is going to be much the same length as
>   > a major station on the same line.
>
> Complete and utter nonsense. I can walk out my front door and stand on a
> station that is just long enough to accomodate an eight-car suburban
> EMU. There are no loops or sidings, just two platforms and plain track.

That's a halt, not a station.

> Two stations away in the up direction is a branch junction station,
> which is at least twice as long as my local station. Two stations away
> in the down direction is a station that is the terminus for suburban
> electric services on our line. It is twice as long again. Your statement
> makes no sense, unless you narrow your definition to mean only the
> platforms, and even these vary in length.

Try narrowing my definition to the lengths of tracks between throat
turnouts.

>   >>> and be operationally as boring as hell.
>
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> Yes, what is your point?

Should I limit my operating sessions to 5 minutes each at 7am, 12:30pm and
6pm - boring!

>   >>> I suggest that any model railway we construct is in fact a
>   >>> fantasy to a large degree.
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> In other words, you have no sensible answer.

John Allen had more imagination than I do and I probably top several other
people in that category.
Where do _you_ draw the line between "fantastic" and "a product of one's
imagination".
For example, the slopes of the gorge on my model are steepened by about
33%-50% over the prototype but they are about 10% of the height, the
clearances and the road are narrowed. The result is recognisable as a model
of the prototype.

> Why don't we simply agree to disagree on this subject? Obviously, the
> G&D appeals to you. That's great, terrific, more power to your elbow.

OK, we disagree! :-)
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 22:36 GMT
>  
> I could find you three levels and quite a few spots where tracks run along
> the sides of near vertical chasms. Disney probably got a lot of his ideas
> from NZ terrain. cf Lord of the Rings.

Bullshit. I've seen enough of NZ to know there's nothing remotely like
the terrain that Allen modelled there. And as for LOTR, how much of what
 you see ISN'T special effects? (For that matter, how much of what you
see is even remotely watchable?)

>>  >>> The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section
>>  >>> of railway track with suitable trains passing a point at
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
> Just read it more slowly and carefully, it makes full sense.

Nah. It doesn't.

>>  >>> If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway
>>  >>> at an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> Can you give examples of grade one railways that have routes of under one
> mile?

A grade one railway is?

> Can you give examples of railways that _only_ run short trains?

You're joking, aren't you? Any suburban commuter operation, for a start.

>>You also ignore the many instances where, for example, a
>>crossing loop is considerably shorter than the longest trains that use
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> than the crossing loop can pass? (I know the answer but your model layout is
> going to be tied up for a long period!)

Me too. But I don't care how long it takes. That's the kind of operation
I like. And the kind of operation which is prototypical, particular if
the crossing loops locally have not been lenghtened to handle the traffic.

>>Or there is a car-length halt on a main line. I would have thought
>>you'd be less parochial, and more observant than that.
>>
> A car length halt isn't going to make an exciting operating layout!

Well, that comes down to your subjective opinion. I have no idea what
you personally reagrd as exciting.

>>  > A small station on a main line is going to be much the same length as
>>  > a major station on the same line.
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>  
> That's a halt, not a station.

No, it's a station. It and a few hundred others hereabouts all have the
same characteristics, and nobody for a split second considers them to be
halts.

>>Two stations away in the up direction is a branch junction station,
>>which is at least twice as long as my local station. Two stations away
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> Try narrowing my definition to the lengths of tracks between throat
> turnouts.

Makes no difference. The distance between turnouts at the throat will
vary widely as well. As you are well aware.

>>  >>> and be operationally as boring as hell.

>>  >> An entirely subjective opinion, again it would depend on the
>>  >> prototype, and the preferred operation style of the builder.

>>  > Sure, but the prototype of my layout runs 6 trains per day (3 out and
>>  > back)

>>Yes, what is your point?
>>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
> clearances and the road are narrowed. The result is recognisable as a model
> of the prototype.

>>Why don't we simply agree to disagree on this subject? Obviously, the
>>G&D appeals to you. That's great, terrific, more power to your elbow.

> OK, we disagree! :-)
Gregory Procter - 09 May 2004 00:13 GMT
> > I could find you three levels and quite a few spots where tracks run along
> > the sides of near vertical chasms. Disney probably got a lot of his ideas
> > from NZ terrain. cf Lord of the Rings.
>
> Bullshit. I've seen enough of NZ to know there's nothing remotely like
> the terrain that Allen modelled there.

Raurimu spiral. (North Island main Trunk)
Otira Gorge. (SI West Coast line)
Manawatu Gorge. (NI)

> And as for LOTR, how much of what
>   you see ISN'T special effects?

In LOTR the special effects were the additions of habitation to existing scenery.

> (For that matter, how much of what you
> see is even remotely watchable?)

Ewww- sour grapes!

> >>  >>> The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section
> >>  >>> of railway track with suitable trains passing a point at
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
> Nah. It doesn't.

Hmmm, we found the limitations of your cognitive abilities so soon and so easily!

> >>  >>> If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway
> >>  >>> at an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>
> A grade one railway is?

Sorry, I thought that was a normal US term - main line.

> > Can you give examples of railways that _only_ run short trains?
>
> You're joking, aren't you? Any suburban commuter operation, for a start.

You can find a suburban commuter operation of the order of length of the average
model railway scaled up??? Why would they bother to build it, most people could
walk that far to work.

> >>You also ignore the many instances where, for example, a
> >>crossing loop is considerably shorter than the longest trains that use
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> Me too. But I don't care how long it takes. That's the kind of operation
> I like.

Yeah, and you probably spent many happy hours watching your grandmother crochet
doilies for the sideboard. ;-)
If you block the main line with two trains for half an hour then nothing else can
run, which gets very boring for the rest of the operators.

> And the kind of operation which is prototypical, particular if
> the crossing loops locally have not been lenghtened to handle the traffic.

Depends what you're modelling - it's pretty certain you're not modelling that
ultra-short suburban commuter line.

> >>Or there is a car-length halt on a main line. I would have thought
> >>you'd be less parochial, and more observant than that.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> Well, that comes down to your subjective opinion. I have no idea what
> you personally reagrd as exciting.

Moving your passenger train forward two coach lengths at a time so everyone on
board gets a turn at the platform doesn't do it!

> >>  > A small station on a main line is going to be much the same length as
> >>  > a major station on the same line.
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
> Makes no difference. The distance between turnouts at the throat will
> vary widely as well. As you are well aware.

Of course!

> >>  >>> and be operationally as boring as hell.
>
[quoted text clipped - 32 lines]
>
> > OK, we disagree! :-)
Mark Newton - 09 May 2004 21:40 GMT
>> Bullshit. I've seen enough of NZ to know there's nothing remotely
>> like the terrain that Allen modelled there.

> Raurimu spiral. (North Island main Trunk)

No.

> Otira Gorge. (SI West Coast line)

No.

> Manawatu Gorge. (NI)

No.

Nice try, but none of them fit the bill. Maybe the "Staircase" on the SI
Midland line. Maybe.

>> And as for LOTR, how much of what you see ISN'T special effects?

> In LOTR the special effects were the additions of habitation to
> existing scenery.

Hmm. I'll have to take your word for that...

>> (For that matter, how much of what you see is even remotely
>> watchable?)

> Ewww- sour grapes!

Another comment that makes no sense. How does my not enjoying the film
constitute sour grapes?
Gregory Procter - 09 May 2004 23:50 GMT
>  >> Bullshit. I've seen enough of NZ to know there's nothing remotely
>  >> like the terrain that Allen modelled there.
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> Nice try, but none of them fit the bill. Maybe the "Staircase" on the SI
> Midland line. Maybe.

What do you want, the prototype John Allen actually modelled???

>  >> And as for LOTR, how much of what you see ISN'T special effects?
>
>  > In LOTR the special effects were the additions of habitation to
>  > existing scenery.
>
> Hmm. I'll have to take your word for that...

You had better - I live here within a few miles of several of the locations
and have been to a number of the others at different times. The closest to
"special effects" altering the landscape other than the addition of
"habitations" was the linking of widely separated locations in separate
scenes as though they were withing walking distance of each other.

>  >> (For that matter, how much of what you see is even remotely
>  >> watchable?)
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> Another comment that makes no sense. How does my not enjoying the film
> constitute sour grapes?

Your comment suggested that the movies were not watchable, not that you
personally didn't find it/them watchable.

Regards,
Greg.P.
Mark Newton - 10 May 2004 09:21 GMT
> Your comment suggested that the movies were not watchable, not that
> you personally didn't find it/them watchable.

I didn't find the movies watchable. Where do the sour grapes come in?
Gregory Procter - 10 May 2004 22:12 GMT
>  > Your comment suggested that the movies were not watchable, not that
>  > you personally didn't find it/them watchable.
>
> I didn't find the movies watchable.

Then you should have said that in the first place.

> Where do the sour grapes come in?

Your mouth?
Terry Flynn - 13 May 2004 04:11 GMT
> >  >> Bullshit. I've seen enough of NZ to know there's nothing remotely
> >  >> like the terrain that Allen modelled there.
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> >
> > No.

It's one good example of many from around the world which is similar in
style of  Allen's scenery work. There are even locations in Australia which
you can see railways built on cliff's, similarities which are comparable
with
some of Allens excellent work.   Like Greg I've  been to the above location.
Newton as usual will tell any lie to push his argument.

> >  > Manawatu Gorge. (NI)
> >
> > No.

> > Nice try, but none of them fit the bill. Maybe the "Staircase" on the SI
> > Midland line. Maybe.
>
> What do you want, the prototype John Allen actually modelled???

> Regards,
> Greg.P.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Terry Flynn - 10 May 2004 04:59 GMT
>  >
>  > Can any "model railway" be anything more than a fantasy?
>
> Yes. You're just being deliberately obtuse in your interpretation of the
> word "fantasy". Allen's railroad was completely implausible, and like no
> real railway that ever was. A fantasy, in other words.

It was more plausible than anything Mark Newton the expert layout builder
has to show.

>  > The best that could possibly be achieved would be a short section of
>  > railway track with suitable trains passing a point at representative
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> with the idea that it can't be done. And it can be, and has been done
> many, many times.

Not by Mark Newton.

>  > If one's model did accurately portray a section of actual railway at
>  > an instant in history it would take a vast amount of space
>
> More nonsense. The size of the model would be entirely dependent on the
> prototype, a smallish location would give a smallish model.

Mark the expert layout designer needs to consider selective compression.
Without selective compression most prototypes could never be modelled. Of
course Mark's layout is not entirely dependent on his prototype, if he has
one. If it was he has the largest HO model railway in Australia.

>  > and be operationally as boring as hell.
>
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> Fantasy, as in fantastic, or fantasy as in a product of one's imagination?

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

will@CreditValley.Railway - 07 May 2004 00:14 GMT
> >  > You may well be thinking of a "model railway" as an inanimate object.
> >
[quoted text clipped - 22 lines]
> prototype location, time period and all rolling stock present being correct
> to that prototype.

I would have to agree with you Greg, one fellow up here wanted to model the
Orangeville Yard in HO, it took 3'x25'. Orangeville is a small town north
east of Toronto, it was the yard for the Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway.
Modelling the yard in Toronto would take about 4-5 times that area. I have
selectively compressed the Orangeville yard into a 24"x60" area in N Scale.

ALL model railways are "fantasy", they are the creators artistic
representation of their interests.
Some like point to point operations, some like merely switching in a yard,
some such as myself , like the look of a single mainline coursing through
beautiful landscape.

My CVR will feature a single mainline ranging in height from 1" to 6" above
the river that it passes over/near 9 times. It will compress 17 miles of
track into about 34' of mainline.
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Gregory Procter - 07 May 2004 02:56 GMT
> > >  > You may well be thinking of a "model railway" as an inanimate object.
> > >
[quoted text clipped - 43 lines]
> the river that it passes over/near 9 times. It will compress 17 miles of
> track into about 34' of mainline.

17m x 5280' = 89760' / 160 = 561'
34' / 561'  = 1 : 16.5 of the scale length.
While not wanting to demean your modelling, that's a pretty savage compression!
I've managed to represent 25 miles of mainline in 12' (plus the hidden bits) in
HO - reality just doesn't come into the equation in my case.
will@CreditValley.Railway - 07 May 2004 03:08 GMT
> 17m x 5280' = 89760' / 160 = 561'
> 34' / 561'  = 1 : 16.5 of the scale length.
> While not wanting to demean your modelling, that's a pretty savage compression!
> I've managed to represent 25 miles of mainline in 12' (plus the hidden bits) in
> HO - reality just doesn't come into the equation in my case.

The track plan is on my website, I know it is a rough track plan, my skills
do not lie in computer graphics, but in model building.

You have stated my point exactly. My layout is a "fantasy" representation of
a railline that was around over 100 years ago. I admit it is fantasy and
have no problems with it.
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Gregory Procter - 07 May 2004 04:14 GMT
> > 17m x 5280' = 89760' / 160 = 561'
> > 34' / 561'  = 1 : 16.5 of the scale length.
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> have no problems with it.
> --

I have a problem with my own representation of the prototype - not enough space!
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 10:12 GMT
 > The track plan is on my website, I know it is a rough track plan, my
 > skills do not lie in computer graphics, but in model building.

What models? More like laying 6 foot of cork roadbed. And moose rooting.
Terry Flynn - 13 May 2004 01:22 GMT
>   > The track plan is on my website, I know it is a rough track plan, my
>   > skills do not lie in computer graphics, but in model building.
>
> What models? More like laying 6 foot of cork roadbed. And moose rooting.

He still has more to show than our model detail and accuracy expert, Mark
Newton.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Will@Credit.Valley.Railway - 13 May 2004 02:54 GMT
> >   > The track plan is on my website, I know it is a rough track plan, my
> >   > skills do not lie in computer graphics, but in model building.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> He still has more to show than our model detail and accuracy expert, Mark
> Newton.

Terry, Marky will have to change his whine after this weekend. I just
picked up a box of N Scale cork, 25 whole pieces. So maybe by tomorrow night
I can double my roadbed length. Who knows how far I will get by Sunday
night, LOL

However, even at 6', that is still 6' more than Marky has.
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

will@CreditValley.Railway - 07 May 2004 00:25 GMT
All one has to do is simple math to realize that ALL model railways are
fantasy.

Take HO: 1 mile would need 60.5' of HO track
N Scale:    1 mile requires 33' of track.

"Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every model RR
layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".

Point to point layouts would need to be run in a straight line to be
realistic, so any that run around a room would be a "fantasy" representation
of a real railroad.

I have seen a couple of museum layouts which accurately represented the yard
area of the town that modelled it. all of these layouts were static displays
and not working layouts.

Face facts...

1. model railways are "fantasy".
2. model trains are toys.

I know this and am at ease with it.
Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Gregory Procter - 07 May 2004 02:58 GMT
> All one has to do is simple math to realize that ALL model railways are
> fantasy.
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
> 1. model railways are "fantasy".
> 2. model trains are toys.

HEY! My trains are _not_ toys, and anyway I enjoy playing with them. ~8^P

> I know this and am at ease with it.
> --
> Will
> N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
> www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 10:23 GMT
> "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
> model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".

Wrong. There are real railways that do just that. That's the problem
with being insular and parochial. You don't know much about anything
outside your own little corner of the world, so you assume that what
applies in Moosecooker applies universally. It doesn't.

> Point to point layouts would need to be run in a straight line to be
> realistic, so any that run around a room would be a "fantasy"
> representation of a real railroad.

Why is that a prerequisite for realism? Are you now claiming that real
railroads only run in a straight line? I'd have sworn there was some
place in Canadia(TM) where the railway loops back over itself - between
Field and Lake Louise, no? Obviously the builders of the CPR didn't
consult you beforehand.
Lieutenant Kizhe Katson - 07 May 2004 21:46 GMT
>  > "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
>  > model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> outside your own little corner of the world, so you assume that what
> applies in Moosecooker applies universally. It doesn't.

You know, at first I thought this was just a personal pissing match
between you and Terry Flynn, I had some sympathy for your position.
Juvenile insults like the above make that evaporate rapidly.

>  > Point to point layouts would need to be run in a straight line to be
>  > realistic, so any that run around a room would be a "fantasy"
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> Field and Lake Louise, no? Obviously the builders of the CPR didn't
> consult you beforehand.

If you mean spiral tunnels and similar, then read what he wrote again:
he explictly talks about "continuous running".  Not many railroads
loop their east end back to join their west.  Of course, "there's a
prototype for everything" as they say.  You can probably find some
road that does exactly that, just as you can find short-short lines
with track mileage in the low single digits, that could actually be
modelled in no-compression, no-compromise entirety in a small scale
and a large basement.

But the roads that most people model don't have those convenient
features, so the best we can do is an abstraction (IOW, a "fantasy")
that preserves the essential concepts.

-- Kizhé
Mark Newton - 07 May 2004 22:19 GMT
>>> "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
>>> model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> You know, at first I thought this was just a personal pissing match
> between you and Terry Flynn,

So why buy into it?

> I had some sympathy for your position. Juvenile insults like the
> above make that evaporate rapidly.

(Juvenile??? What is it with posters to this newsgroup? Is that the
default term of opprobium? FWIW, I've just celebrated my 44th birthday -
I'm a little long in the tooth to be classed as juvenile.)

Blanket statements such as the one above, particularly when they are
flatly wrong, make my patience evaporate just as rapidly.

>>> Point to point layouts would need to be run in a straight line to
>>>  be realistic, so any that run around a room would be a "fantasy"
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> If you mean spiral tunnels and similar, then read what he wrote
> again: he explictly talks about "continuous running".

His ill-informed comment about continous running appears to be separate
from his nonsensical comments about point to point lines. Either way,
the road from Field to Lake Louise <is> point to point, and gets there
by looping over itself. A reasonably accurate model of that line
<would> run around the walls of a room - no amount of sophistry or
semantic wrangling will alter that.

> Not many railroads loop their east end back to join their west. Of
> course, "there's a prototype for everything" as they say. You can
> probably find some road that does exactly that,

Yes, I can. I travel on one such line daily. And it's not the only line
here that forms a loop. It's by no means as uncommon as you believe
it to be. But I'm guessing that you're posting from the USA, and as such
you may be unaware of what takes place in the rest of the world.

> just as you can find short-short lines with track mileage in the low
> single digits, that could actually be modelled in no-compression,
> no-compromise entirety in a small scale and a large basement.

Which many people do. And in doing so they invalidate the various claims
made here that "it can't be done".

> But the roads that most people model don't have those convenient
> features, so the best we can do is an abstraction (IOW, a "fantasy")
> that preserves the essential concepts

Again, a statement based on parochial ignorance. There are a many, many
folks throughout the world who do just that - model short-short lines
with these "convenient" features. When you say "most", you are ignoring
large numbers of modellers whom you are blissfully unaware of. You don't
know what they're up to, so you can't unequivocally state what they can
and can't achieve.
Lieutenant Kizhe Katson - 10 May 2004 14:46 GMT
>  >>> "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
>  >>> model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".
[quoted text clipped - 48 lines]
> it to be. But I'm guessing that you're posting from the USA, and as such
> you may be unaware of what takes place in the rest of the world.

Canada, actually; as is Will.

>  > just as you can find short-short lines with track mileage in the low
>  > single digits, that could actually be modelled in no-compression,
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> know what they're up to, so you can't unequivocally state what they can
> and can't achieve.

Bah, before you lecture people on "parochial ignorance", learn to read
what they actually write.  I never said it *couldn't* be done, for
particular prototypes (in fact I said the exact opposite).  But it
also manifestly *can't* be done for many other themes -- ones chosen
by many modellers.  How many modellers are doing "no-compromise"
layouts vs. how many are compressing and/or looping back and
omitting/combining towns and so on?  I doubt anyone has reliable
statistics, but I'd bet the second group is larger.

-- Kizhé
Terry Flynn - 13 May 2004 04:12 GMT
>  >>> "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
>  >>> model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
> default term of opprobium? FWIW, I've just celebrated my 44th birthday -
> I'm a little long in the tooth to be classed as juvenile.)

A very accurate conclusion.

> Blanket statements such as the one above, particularly when they are
> flatly wrong, make my patience evaporate just as rapidly.

>  >>> Point to point layouts would need to be run in a straight line to
>  >>>  be realistic, so any that run around a room would be a "fantasy"
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> <would> run around the walls of a room - no amount of sophistry or
> semantic wrangling will alter that.

>  > Not many railroads loop their east end back to join their west. Of
>  > course, "there's a prototype for everything" as they say. You can
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>  > single digits, that could actually be modelled in no-compression,
>  > no-compromise entirety in a small scale and a large basement.

> Which many people do. And in doing so they invalidate the various claims
> made here that "it can't be done".

Give us some examples Mark. No compression means scale curves.

>  > But the roads that most people model don't have those convenient
>  > features, so the best we can do is an abstraction (IOW, a "fantasy")
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> know what they're up to, so you can't unequivocally state what they can
> and can't achieve.

They cannot model the line that you ride on that forms a loop accurately in
any scale. Many compromises are required. Mark is talking the about the
Sydney suburban system. Explain how you would do it in HO expert layout
designer other than as a fantasy.

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Terry Flynn - 13 May 2004 01:29 GMT
>  > "Real" railroads do not loop back on themselves, therefore every
>  > model RR layout that is continuous running is a "fantasy".
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> Field and Lake Louise, no? Obviously the builders of the CPR didn't
> consult you beforehand.

Mark, why don't you  tell us about your non fantasy trackplan on the HO
layout you have.
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Terry Flynn - 10 May 2004 06:10 GMT
>   > Terry, better do what Mark insists, he is tired of you humiliating
>   > him in public.
>
> I am tired of wasting time responding to his inane drivel. The
> humiliation is all his.

Mark Newton could have saved allot of time by producing evidence of his
alleged modelling skills.

>   > He wants you to take it private. I know you have nothing to hide,
>
> Terry has quite a lot to hide, as it happens. Ask him why his employer
> closely monitors his internet usage these days.

Mark talking fiction again. Like Mark's model railway, not much facts about
it in public, why?

>   > But Mark obviously does not want to be shown up in public.

Of course not. He has nothing worth showing.

> Mark obviously doesn't want to participate any more in Terry's
> self-aggrandizing bullshit. If he was genuinely interested in discussing
> information or ideas he could quite happily do so via e-mail or
> telephone, as do many others. As for seeing my layouts, he lives quite
> close to me, and has an open invitation to visit me at any time he cares
> to. End of story.

Swearing again in what is usually a civilised newsgroup. Stay in the gutter
if you like Mark. Until you apologise for your public attacks on my
character,
no private e-mail  or visit is going to happen. I intend to share any
information with all here. I do not intend wasting my time going to see a
layout that is not worth publication here, or is owned by a foul mouthed
broom pushing expert..

Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

John Miller - 10 May 2004 12:00 GMT
> Mark Newton could have saved allot of time by producing evidence of his
> alleged modelling skills.

Why should he bother, when he's able to play you  guys like a cheap fiddle?  

Signature

John Miller
Email address: domain, n4vu.com; username, jsm

What one believes to be true either is true or becomes true.
               -John Lilly

Mark Newton - 10 May 2004 21:28 GMT
>>Terry has quite a lot to hide, as it happens. Ask him why his employer
>>closely monitors his internet usage these days.
>>
> Mark talking fiction again.

So you deny that the Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering School was
the subject of an internal investigation? An investigation that found
there were flagrant breaches of the uni's guidelines on appropriate
internet use?
Terry Flynn - 19 May 2004 03:25 GMT
> >>Terry has quite a lot to hide, as it happens. Ask him why his employer
> >>closely monitors his internet usage these days.
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> there were flagrant breaches of the uni's guidelines on appropriate
> internet use?

Students downloading music, video's ect beyond their limits. Of course the
organisation you work for has had plenty of wrong doing by individuals,
that's the nature of people. Irrelevant to my position and this newsgroup.
How about telling us something about your HO layout expert.
Signature

Terry Flynn

For HO scale track standards go to
http://angelfire.com/clone/rail/index.html
also includes details of HO wagon weight and locomotive tractive effort
estimates

Mark Newton - 19 May 2004 06:12 GMT
>> So you deny that the Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering School
>> was the subject of an internal investigation? An investigation that
>>  found there were flagrant breaches of the uni's guidelines on
>> appropriate internet use?

> Students downloading music, video's ect beyond their limits.

No, not just students, and not just anything as innocuous as music and
videos.

> Of course the organisation you work for has had plenty of wrong doing
>  by individuals, that's the nature of people.

Indeed, but I can't recall the last time that anyone in my depot got
themselves into strife for downloading pornography on a work computer
during working hours.

I think I still have a copy of the report, I'll have to find the thing
and post a link to it.
Marty Hall - 19 May 2004 21:54 GMT
>  >> So you deny that the Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering School
>  >> was the subject of an internal investigation? An investigation that
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I think I still have a copy of the report, I'll have to find the thing
> and post a link to it.

Be careful you don't accidently post a link to your private porn
sites, you know the ones I am talking about
Marty Hall
Mark Newton - 20 May 2004 02:18 GMT
> Be careful you don't accidently post a link to your private porn
> sites, you know the ones I am talking about

I don't, Jerry, perhaps you would be so good as to post them here for my
enlightenment.
Will@Credit.Valley.Railway - 20 May 2004 03:08 GMT
> > Indeed, but I can't recall the last time that anyone in my depot got
> > themselves into strife for downloading pornography on a work computer
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> sites, you know the ones I am talking about
> Marty Hall

Actually the key phrase in the above is "during work hours."
Mork always waits until he punches out to go back on the internet and visit
his favourite sites.

Signature

Will
N Scale - Credit Valley Railway
www.muskokacomputes.com/CVR_Home.htm

Jeff Sc. - 11 May 2004 02:31 GMT
>Mark Newton could have saved allot of time by producing evidence of his
>alleged modelling skills.

Well, he saves more time by ~not~ producing evidence.  Looks like it's
~your~ time that's being wasted...

Don't bother to reply via email...I've been JoeJobbed.
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 02:57 GMT
> > Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
> >
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
>  I guess you might call it a 'Petrol electric'. (S)

Sure, so what do you call a genuine gas-electric?

> > Regards,
> > Greg.P.
Froggy@The Pond.com - 02 May 2004 04:24 GMT
>> > Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
>> >
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
>Sure, so what do you call a genuine gas-electric?

If by "genuine" you mean one that uses flammable gas for fuel, it would still be a
gas electric.  If you mean one that uses helium, it would be called a boat anchor.
Gregory Procter - 02 May 2004 12:15 GMT
Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:

> >> > Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
> >> >
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> If by "genuine" you mean one that uses flammable gas for fuel, it would still be a
> gas electric.  If you mean one that uses helium, it would be called a boat anchor.

You don't see any illogicality in calling two different items by the same name?
Steve Caple - 02 May 2004 08:24 GMT
> Sure, so what do you call a genuine gas-electric?

Shuffling across the wool carpet on a dry winter day after a
green chile burrito lunch, I might qualify.  

Signature

Steve Caple

Roy Wilke - 04 May 2004 19:17 GMT
>>>Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>>>Regards,
>>>Greg.P.

Would it be a Zeppelin? :)
Gregory Procter - 04 May 2004 21:22 GMT
> >>>Froggy@The, Pond.com wrote:
> >>>
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
> >
> Would it be a Zeppelin? :)

I have a model of one of those - the prototype was powered by a BMW petrol
aircraft engine and a propeller! It held the absolute rail speed record for 24
years. (230 km/hr)

There are plenty of (industrial) locos in the world powered by gas (as opposed to
gasoline/petrol).

Regards,
Greg.P.
 
Sign In
Join
My Latest Posts
My Monitored Threads
My Blog
My Photo Gallery
My Profile
My Homepage

Start New Thread
Enable EMail Alerts
Rate this Thread



©2012 Advenet LLC   Privacy Policy - Terms of Use
This website includes both content owned or controlled by Advenet as well as content owned or controlled by third parties.